{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T20:10:36Z","timestamp":1788811836137,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788739200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Renal dysfunction in cardiac disease is attributed to both reduced cardiac output and venous congestion; however, relative contributions of these mechanisms are difficult to evaluate clinically.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Hypothesis\/Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Renal microvascular perfusion assessed by Superb Microvascular Imaging (SMI) would be associated with indices of cardiac output and venous congestion in dogs with cardiac disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Forty-three client-owned dogs were enrolled: 15 healthy dogs (Control), 21 dogs with cardiac disease but without right-sided heart failure (non-RHF), and 7 dogs with signs of right-sided heart failure (RHF).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prospective cross-sectional observational study. SMI images were obtained from renal cortex, and mean SMI signal intensity (SMI-SI) was calculated as an index of renal perfusion. The left ventricular outflow tract velocity-time integral (LVOT-VTI) was used as an index of cardiac output, while caudal vena cava short-to-long axis ratio at minimal inspiratory diameter (CVC SD\/LD) was used to indicate venous congestion.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Median SMI-SI was 41.3 (95% CI, 39.1-43.8) in Control, 21.6 (95% CI: 19.4-23.9) in non-RHF, and 18.6 (95% CI, 16.4-21.0) in RHF. Both cardiac disease groups had lower values than Control (P\u00a0&amp;lt;\u00a0.001). SMI-SI was negatively correlated with CVC SD\/LD (\u03c1\u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.59, P\u00a0&amp;lt;\u00a0.001) and positively correlated with LVOT-VTI (\u03c1\u00a0=\u00a00.43, P\u00a0=\u00a0.007). In full multivariable analysis, only CVC SD\/LD was independently associated with SMI-SI (P\u00a0=\u00a0.001).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and clinical importance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>SMI detects reduced renal microvascular perfusion in dogs with cardiac disease, which is associated with venous congestion rather than cardiac output.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jvimsj\/aalag198","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T19:20:22Z","timestamp":1788808822000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Evaluation of renal microvascular perfusion in dogs with cardiac disease using Superb Microvascular 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