{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:06:45Z","timestamp":1792786005648,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789948800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":20,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Cornell University Harry M. Zweig Memorial Fund for Equine Research","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05bnh6r87","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health of the National Institutions of Health","award":["T32ODO011000"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32ODO011000"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Horses with endotoxemia have variable myocardial function, but little is known about the severity or persistence of myocardial dysfunction (MD).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Hypothesis\/Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Horses with experimentally induced endotoxemia have systolic and diastolic MD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twelve systemically healthy horses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Horses were given Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide 30\u00a0ng\/kg over 60\u00a0min. Echocardiography and cardiac troponin I (cTnI) measurements were performed at baseline, 1, 3, and 5\u00a0h post-endotoxin. Fluid therapy (10\u00a0L), polymyxin B (6000\u00a0IU\/kg), and flunixin meglumine (1.1\u00a0mg\/kg) were administered intravenously, and then echocardiogram and cTnI measurements were performed (post-treatment). Results were compared using linear mixed models and adjusted for multiple comparisons. Significance was set at P\u00a0&amp;lt;\u00a0.05.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All horses showed signs of MD. A significant increase in heart rate from baseline was noted at all timepoints (P\u00a0&amp;lt;\u00a0.001). No significant increase in cTnI occurred at any timepoint. Ejection fraction decreased from baseline at 3 and 5\u00a0h (mean, 72%, 62%, and 65%, respectively; P\u00a0&amp;lt;\u00a0.001 at both timepoints). Using tissue Doppler imaging (TDI), the index of myocardial performance increased at 1, 3, and 5\u00a0h (mean, 0.40, 0.55, 0.66, 0.55; P\u00a0&amp;lt;\u00a0.01 at all timepoints). Using two-dimensional speckle tracking (2DST), the magnitude of global longitudinal strain was decreased from baseline at 3, 5\u00a0h, and post-treatment (mean, \u221221%, \u221216%, \u221217%, and \u221219%; P\u00a0&amp;lt;\u00a0.0001, .0001, and .04, respectively).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and clinical importance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Systolic and diastolic MD are evident in the absence of increased cTnI. Advanced echocardiographic modalities such as TDI and 2DST improve diagnostic capability for identifying regional abnormalities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jvimsj\/aalag205","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T12:12:26Z","timestamp":1789992746000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Myocardial dysfunction associated with low-dose endotoxin administration in adult horses"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7910-8740","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Williams Louie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University , Ithaca, NY 14850 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8922-7927","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Cercone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University , Ithaca, NY 14850 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2080-8002","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Barbara","family":"Delvescovo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University , Ithaca, NY 14850 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7278-5463","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacqueline","family":"Chevalier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University , Ithaca, NY 14850 ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, New Bolton Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Kennett Square, PA 19348 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5545-5630","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katharyn","family":"Mitchell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University , Ithaca, NY 14850 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026092108091375400_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2016.03.016","article-title":"Duration of in vivo endotoxin tolerance in horses","volume":"173","author":"Holcombe","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vet Immunol Immunopathol"},{"key":"2026092108091375400_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2009.04.012","article-title":"Update on treatments for endotoxemia","volume":"25","author":"Kelmer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract"},{"key":"2026092108091375400_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.12052","article-title":"The effects of hyperglycemia and endotoxemia on coagulation parameters in healthy adult horses","volume":"27","author":"McGovern","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"2026092108091375400_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.1991.tb00944.x","article-title":"Endotoxemia in horses. 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