{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T12:57:37Z","timestamp":1790859457668,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":30,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005629","name":"University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005629","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Consensus is lacking on which endocardial borders to include when measuring left ventricular wall thickness (LVWT) in cats.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Hypothesis\/Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The number of endocardial borders included can influence whether an individual cat is classified as having hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) or not.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fifty-two cats that previously were diagnosed as either healthy, equivocal for HCM, or having an HCM phenotype.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Single-center retrospective cross-sectional study. Three observers measured LVWT using 4 different LVWT measurement protocols: leading edge-to-leading edge (L-L); leading edge-to-trailing edge, trailing edge-to-leading edge, and trailing edge-to-trailing edge for the interventricular septum and L-L and trailing edge-to-leading edge methods for the left ventricular free wall (LVFW). Measurements were made using stored echocardiographic images on 2 occasions by 2 observers. A Friedman test and post-hoc Wilcoxon signed rank test with Bonferroni correction were performed to detect differences between measurement techniques.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Interventricular septum (IVS) wall thickness was significantly larger for leading-edge-to-trailing-edge measurement (median and [interquartile range (IQR)]: 5.5 [3.8-7.2] millimeters) compared with other methods (P\u00a0&amp;lt;\u00a0.001). The trailing-edge-to-leading-edge method produced significantly smaller results (4.3 [IQR, 3.4-6.2] millimeters for the interventricular septum and 4.8 [IQR, 3.4-6.2] millimeters for the LVFW) compared with other methods (P\u00a0&amp;lt;\u00a0.001). Median IVS thickness measured as leading-edge-to-trailing-edge was 1.2 millimeters larger than when measured as trailing-edge-to-leading-edge.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and clinical importance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>LVWT varies depending on the number of endocardial borders included. The number of endocardial borders included in LVWT measurements should be standardized.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jvimsj\/aalag224","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T12:12:12Z","timestamp":1790856732000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Influence of including or excluding endocardial borders on left ventricular wall thickness measurements in cats"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7872-7822","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maximiliane G","family":"Sehn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Small Animals, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Foundation , 30559 Hannover ,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"Department of Clinical Science and Services, The Royal Veterinary College , Hatfield AL9 7TA ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-0018-9460","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuen Yee","family":"Cheuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Science and Services, The Royal Veterinary College , Hatfield AL9 7TA ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8128-8111","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jose","family":"Novo Matos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Queens Veterinary School Hospital, University of Cambridge , Cambridge CB3 0ES ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5628-4194","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Brodbelt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Science and Services, The Royal Veterinary College , Hatfield AL9 7TA ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8076-3806","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Virginia","family":"Luis Fuentes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Science and Services, The Royal Veterinary College , Hatfield AL9 7TA ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026100108120923900_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1062","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.15745","article-title":"ACVIM consensus statement guidelines for the classification, diagnosis, and management of cardiomyopathies in cats","volume":"34","author":"Luis Fuentes","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"2026100108120923900_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1900","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.16576","article-title":"Natural history of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in cats from rehoming centers: the CatScan II study","volume":"36","author":"Novo Matos","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"2026100108120923900_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2645","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.92.9.2645","article-title":"Echocardiographic assessment of spontaneously occurring feline hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. An animal model of human disease","volume":"92","author":"Fox","year":"1995","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"key":"2026100108120923900_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvc.2015.07.003","article-title":"Screening for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in cats","volume":"17","author":"H\u00e4ggstr\u00f6m","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Vet Cardiol"},{"key":"2026100108120923900_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1072","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.58.6.1072","article-title":"Recommendations regarding quantitation in M-mode echocardiography: results of a survey of echocardiographic measurements","volume":"58","author":"Sahn","year":"1978","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"key":"2026100108120923900_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/J.JVC.2020.12.001","article-title":"Two-dimensional echocardiographic measures of left ventricular dimensions agree with M-mode measurements in dogs","volume":"33","author":"Rishniw","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Vet Cardiol"},{"key":"2026100108120923900_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1016\/J.JVC.2012.04.004","article-title":"Two-dimensionally-guided M-mode and pulsed wave Doppler echocardiographic evaluation of the ventricles of apparently healthy cats","volume":"14","author":"Petri\u010d","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Vet Cardiol"},{"key":"2026100108120923900_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1439-0442.2003.00546.x","article-title":"Effects of inter- and intra-observer variability on echocardiographic measurements in awake cats","volume":"50","author":"Chetboul","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Vet Med A Physiol Pathol Clin Med"},{"key":"2026100108120923900_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvc.2010.05.003","article-title":"Comparison of auscultatory and echocardiographic findings in healthy adult cats","volume":"12","author":"Wagner","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Vet Cardiol"},{"key":"2026100108120923900_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvc.2025.07.007","article-title":"Interobserver repeatability of interventricular septal wall measurements in cats","volume":"62","author":"Pires","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Vet Cardiol"},{"key":"2026100108120923900_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.2007.00205.x","article-title":"Assessment of the repeatability of feline echocardiography using conventional echocardiography and spectral pulse-wave doppler tissue imaging techniques","volume":"48","author":"Simpson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vet Radiol Ultrasound"},{"key":"2026100108120923900_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1111\/J.1939-1676.1993.TB01015.X","article-title":"Recommendations for standards in transthoracic two-dimensional echocardiography in the dog and cat","volume":"7","author":"Thomas","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"2026100108120923900_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2022.03.012","article-title":"Recommendations for multimodality cardiovascular imaging of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: an update from the American Society of Echocardiography, in collaboration with the American Society of Nuclear Cardiology, the Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance, and the Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography","volume":"35","author":"Nagueh","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Am Soc Echocardiogr"},{"key":"2026100108120923900_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocpiqo.2023.06.002","article-title":"Ultrasound enhancing agents with transthoracic echocardiography for Maximal Wall thickness in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy","volume":"7","author":"Bois","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc Innov Qual Outcomes"},{"key":"2026100108120923900_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1007\/s10554-016-0858-4","article-title":"Left ventricular wall thickness in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a comparison between cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and echocardiography","volume":"32","author":"Corona-Villalobos","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"2026100108120923900_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.16067","article-title":"Cardiac extracellular volume fraction in cats with preclinical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy","volume":"35","author":"Fries","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"2026100108120923900_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvc.2023.11.006","article-title":"Current use of cardiac MRI in animals","volume":"51","author":"Fries","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Vet Cardiol"},{"key":"2026100108120923900_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvc.2016.08.008","article-title":"Echocardiographic assessment of feline false tendons and their relationship with focal thickening of the left ventricle","volume":"19","author":"Wolf","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Vet Cardiol"},{"key":"2026100108120923900_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2011.03.006","article-title":"American society of echocardiography clinical recommendations for multimodality cardiovascular imaging of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: endorsed by the American society of nuclear cardiology, society for cardiovascular magnetic resonance, and society of cardiovascular computed tomography","volume":"24","author":"Nagueh","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Am Soc Echocardiogr"},{"key":"2026100108120923900_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvc.2009.09.004","article-title":"Echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular geometry and the mitral valve apparatus in cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy","volume":"12","author":"Schober","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Vet Cardiol"},{"key":"2026100108120923900_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.11613\/BM.2012.031","article-title":"Interrater reliability: the kappa statistic","volume":"22","author":"McHugh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biochem Med(Zagreb)"}],"container-title":["Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jvim\/article-pdf\/40\/5\/aalag224\/71559495\/aalag224.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jvim\/article-pdf\/40\/5\/aalag224\/71559495\/aalag224.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T12:12:13Z","timestamp":1790856733000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jvim\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/jvimsj\/aalag224\/8859057"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jvimsj\/aalag224","relation":{},"ISSN":["1939-1676"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1939-1676","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"article-number":"aalag224"}}