{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T09:01:55Z","timestamp":1790067715639,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790035200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":21,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001250","name":"Morris Animal Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001250","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007703","name":"North Carolina State University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007703","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Plasma concentrations of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), glial-fibrillary-acidic protein (GFAP), and astrocytic protein S100B, might be linked to the pathophysiology of Neonatal Maladjustment Syndrome (NMS).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Hypothesis\/Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To measure serum concentration of BDNF and S100B, plasma concentration of GFAP, and neurosteroids (progesterone and 17\u03b1-hydroxyprogesterone) in foals with NMS, foals presented for other diseases, including premature, and healthy foals, and determine their association with outcome.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fourteen healthy foals, 19 NMS foals, 39 foals hospitalized for other diseases &amp;lt;\u20097\u00a0days of age.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this prospective, longitudinal study, concentrations of biomarkers were determined in all foals on admission, at day 1 and 2 of hospitalization. Plasma or serum concentration of biomarkers was measured with ELISA and single-molecule-array technology.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Forty-eight foals survived, 10 did not survive. Serum BDNF concentration was lower after 24\u00a0h of hospitalization in NMS foals (baseline: 3.0, 1.9-4.1\u00a0g\/mL; day 1: 2.0, 1.2-2.8\u00a0pg\/mL) (P\u00a0=\u00a0.02). Serum S100B was higher in septic foals with NMS (marginal means, 95% CI, 435.3, 290-580\u00a0ng\/mL) compared to septic foals without NMS (238.9, 164.6-313.2\u00a0ng\/mL) on admission (P\u00a0=\u00a0.01). Pregnane concentrations were higher in NMS foals compared to healthy and sick foals over the first 48\u00a0h of hospitalization (P\u00a0&amp;lt;\u00a0.05).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and clinical importance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Higher BDNF, S100B, and pregnane concentrations were consistent with NMS, and might allow for neurological assessment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jvimsj\/aalag228","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T08:22:06Z","timestamp":1790065326000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Biomarkers of brain injury in foals with neonatal maladjustment syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-7968-7519","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Javier","family":"Perez 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