{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T17:50:21Z","timestamp":1791654621491,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791590400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":39,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006920","name":"University of Pennsylvania","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006920","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In humans, systemic hypertension and left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy are common sequelae of metabolic syndrome and pre-diabetes warranting investigation in horses with insulin dysregulation (ID).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Hypothesis\/Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To compare echocardiographic variables, non-invasive blood pressure (NIBP), and adipokines between Warmblood (WB) horses with and without ID.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nineteen client-owned WB horses, 5-15\u00a0years of age, presenting for elective procedures were included. Horses had no history of metabolic disease, ID, laminitis, renal or cardiac disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Blinded cross-sectional study. Horses were divided into 2 groups ID and non-ID based on an oral sugar test (T0 insulin \u226520 \u03bcIU\/mL or T60 or T90\u00a0\u2265\u00a030 \u03bcIU\/mL). Each horse underwent the following: Physical examination, body condition score, body weight, cresty neck score, and measurement of serum leptin, total, and high molecular weight adiponectin concentrations, NIBP, lateromedial radiographs, retroperitoneal fat measurement, short axis M mode echocardiographic evaluation, and 2D speckle tracking (2DST).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Eight horses were categorized as ID, 11 as non-ID. Evidence of LV remodeling was identified in ID horses (P\u00a0&amp;lt;\u00a0.05) with greater measurements of LV internal diameter at end diastole (ID 11.77\u00a0cm [11.2-12.3]; non-ID 11.10 [10.54-11.85]), interventricular septum at end diastole (ID 3.10\u00a0cm [2.81-3.39]; non-ID 2.46 [2.22-2.71]) and end systole (ID 5.18\u00a0cm [4.81-5.56]; non-ID 4.29 [4.06-4.51]). 2DST measures were significantly lower in the ID group (P\u00a0&amp;lt;\u00a00.05). Hypertension was identified in 2 horses, 1 from each group.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and clinical importance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Horses with mild ID have evidence of LV remodeling supportive of hypertrophy. Cardiovascular changes might be included in the overarching definition of ID.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jvimsj\/aalag229","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T17:39:07Z","timestamp":1791653947000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Echocardiographic characteristics and evidence of ventricular remodeling in subclinical insulin-dysregulated Warmblood horses"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5605-5639","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Megan G","family":"Palmisano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine , Kennett Square, PA 19348 ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences , College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607,","place":["United 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