{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T01:51:31Z","timestamp":1791597091716,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791590400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":39,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Paroxysmal dyskinesia (PD) in dogs comprises episodic, involuntary, nonepileptic movement disorders. Recent evidence suggests that PD may be associated with gluten sensitivity, paralleling human gluten-related neurologic syndromes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Hypothesis\/Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Characterize clinical features, gastrointestinal comorbidities, gluten-related serology, and response to a gluten-free diet (GFD) in dogs with presumptive gluten-sensitive PD. We hypothesized that dietary modification would decrease episode frequency, particularly in dogs with gastrointestinal signs, seropositivity for anti-gliadin and anti-transglutaminase-2 immunoglobulin A antibodies or both.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Forty-one client-owned dogs with presumptive PD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective review of dogs diagnosed with presumptive PD at a single institution between 2019 and 2023. Inclusion criteria included &amp;gt;\u20091 episode, video-documented episodes, normal interictal neurologic examination, serum gluten-related antibody titers, and\u00a0\u2265\u00a06\u00a0months of follow-up after transition to GFD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Gastrointestinal signs were reported in 33\/41 (80.5%) dogs; 21\/41 (51.2%) had at least 1 positive antibody titer. After dietary change, 24\/41 (58.5%) dogs achieved complete resolution, 15\/41 (36.6%) showed partial response, and 2\/41 (4.9%) remained unchanged, regardless of antibody status. All owners reported gastrointestinal improvement. Nine dogs relapsed after initial response: 6 after gluten ingestion, 1 associated with stress, and 2 despite strict GFD. Response to GFD was not significantly associated with gastrointestinal signs or antibody status.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and clinical importance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although dietary response was not significantly associated with antibody status or gastrointestinal signs, GFD led to substantial clinical improvement in most dogs with PD across multiple breeds, supporting a potential link between gluten sensitivity and PD, and a possible role of the gut\u2013brain axis in disease pathogenesis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jvimsj\/aalag238","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T01:33:05Z","timestamp":1791595985000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Presumptive paroxysmal dyskinesia in 41 dogs: is the diet change enough?"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Henry Mendo","family":"Reyes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Division, San Marco Veterinary Clinic and Laboratory , Veggiano ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Greta","family":"Galli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Division, San Marco Veterinary Clinic and Laboratory , Veggiano ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evelina","family":"Burbait\u00e8","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Division, San Marco Veterinary Clinic and Laboratory , Veggiano ,","place":["Italy"]},{"name":"Dr. L. Kriauceliunas Small Animal Clinic, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences , Kaunas ,","place":["Lithuania"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aurora","family":"Cocchetto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Division, San Marco Veterinary Clinic and Laboratory , Veggiano ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erica","family":"Fiorentino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Division, San Marco Veterinary Clinic and Laboratory , Veggiano ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marika","family":"Menchetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Division, San Marco Veterinary Clinic and Laboratory , Veggiano 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