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Here, we report that high levels of NH4+ induce nitric oxide (NO) accumulation, while inhibiting potassium (K+) acquisition via SNO1 (sensitive to nitric oxide 1)\/SOS4 (salt overly sensitive 4), leading to the arrest of primary root growth. High levels of NH4+ also stimulated the accumulation of GSNOR (S-nitrosoglutathione reductase) in roots. GSNOR overexpression improved root tolerance to NH4+. Loss of GSNOR further induced NO accumulation, increased SNO1\/SOS4 activity, and reduced K+ levels in root tissue, enhancing root growth sensitivity to NH4+. Moreover, the GSNOR-like gene, OsGSNOR, is also required for NH4+ tolerance in rice. Immunoblotting showed that the NH4+-induced GSNOR protein accumulation was abolished in the VTC1- (vitamin C1) defective mutant vtc1-1, which is hypersensititive to NH4+ toxicity. GSNOR overexpression enhanced vtc1-1 root tolerance to NH4+. Our findings suggest that induction of GSNOR increases NH4+ tolerance in Arabidopsis roots by counteracting NO-mediated suppression of tissue K+, which depends on VTC1 function.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/erab140","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,24]],"date-time":"2021-03-24T12:20:14Z","timestamp":1616588414000},"page":"4548-4564","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Induction of <i>S<\/i>-nitrosoglutathione reductase protects root growth from ammonium toxicity by regulating potassium homeostasis in Arabidopsis and rice"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"72","author":[{"given":"Lin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haiyan","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academic Affairs Office, Foshan University, Foshan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baohai","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, HangzhouChina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dongwei","family":"Di","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xianyong","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, HangzhouChina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Herbert J","family":"Kronzucker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada"},{"name":"School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6055-0704","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Weiming","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4603-6722","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guangjie","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021070808335559400_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1007\/s11104-015-2397-5","article-title":"Enhanced nitric oxide generation in root transition zone during the early stage of cadmium stress is required for maintaining root growth in barley","volume":"390","author":"Alemayehu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Plant and Soil"},{"key":"2021070808335559400_CIT0002","first-page":"23","article-title":"Optimization of ammonium acquisition and metabolism by potassium in rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. 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