{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T02:04:51Z","timestamp":1783735491954,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,21]],"date-time":"2023-08-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1692576000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011019","name":"National Research Development and Innovation Office","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K124705"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K124705"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011019","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011019","name":"National Research Development and Innovation Office","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K142626"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K142626"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011019","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Antiviral RNAi is the main protective measure employed by plants in the fight against viruses. The main steps of this process have been clarified in recent years, primarily relying on the extensive genetic resources of Arabidopsis thaliana. Our knowledge of viral diseases of crops, however, is still limited, mainly due to the fact that A. thaliana is a non-host for many agriculturally important viruses. In contrast, Nicotiana benthamiana has an unparalleled susceptibility to viruses and, since it belongs to the Solanaceae family, it is considered an adequate system for modeling infectious diseases of crops such as tomatoes. We used a series of N. benthamiana mutants created by genome editing to analyze the RNAi response elicited by the emerging tomato pathogen, pepino mosaic virus (PepMV). We uncovered hierarchical roles of several Argonaute proteins (AGOs) in anti-PepMV defense, with the predominant contribution of AGO2. Interestingly, the anti-PepMV activities of AGO1A, AGO5, and AGO10 only become apparent when AGO2 is mutated. Taken together, our results prove that hierarchical actions of several AGOs are needed for the plant to build effective anti-PepMV resistance. The genetic resources created here will be valuable assets for analyzing RNAi responses triggered by other agriculturally important pathogenic viruses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/erad327","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,21]],"date-time":"2023-08-21T14:51:50Z","timestamp":1692629510000},"page":"6760-6772","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Hierarchical contribution of Argonaute proteins to antiviral protection"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"M\u00e1rta","family":"Ludman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences , Szent-Gy\u00f6rgyi Albert u. 4. G\u00f6d\u00f6ll\u0151 2100 Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriella","family":"Szalai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Physiology and Metabolomics, Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, ELKH , Brunszvik u. 2. Martonv\u00e1s\u00e1r 2462 Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8249-6585","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tibor","family":"Janda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Physiology and Metabolomics, Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, ELKH , Brunszvik u. 2. Martonv\u00e1s\u00e1r 2462 Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2355-675X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"K\u00e1roly","family":"F\u00e1tyol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences , Szent-Gy\u00f6rgyi Albert u. 4. G\u00f6d\u00f6ll\u0151 2100 Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023112115114197000_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2009","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-002-0848-9","article-title":"Complete sequence of the Pepino mosaic virus RNA genome","volume":"147","author":"Aguilar","year":"2002","journal-title":"Archives of Virology"},{"key":"2023112115114197000_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.16.00015","article-title":"Abscisic acid induces resistance against Bamboo mosaic virus through Argonaute2 and 3","volume":"174","author":"Alazem","year":"2017","journal-title":"Plant Physiology"},{"key":"2023112115114197000_CIT0003","first-page":"112","article-title":"AGO2: a new argonaute compromising plant virus accumulation","volume":"2","author":"Alvarado","year":"2012","journal-title":"Frontiers in Plant Sciences"},{"key":"2023112115114197000_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-phyto-080417-050141","article-title":"The rise and rise of Nicotiana benthamiana: a plant for all reasons","volume":"56","author":"Bally","year":"2018","journal-title":"Annual Review of Phytopathology"},{"key":"2023112115114197000_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-virology-091919-064218","article-title":"The role of viruses in identifying and analyzing RNA silencing","volume":"9","author":"Baulcombe","year":"2022","journal-title":"Annual Review of Virology"},{"key":"2023112115114197000_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-arplant-050213-035728","article-title":"The diversity, biogenesis, and activities of endogenous silencing small RNAs in Arabidopsis","volume":"65","author":"Bologna","year":"2014","journal-title":"Annual Review of Plant Biology"},{"key":"2023112115114197000_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3347","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.emboj.7601217","article-title":"An antagonistic function for Arabidopsis DCL2 in development and a new function for DCL4 in generating viral siRNAs","volume":"25","author":"Bouche\u0301","year":"2006","journal-title":"The EMBO Journal"},{"key":"2023112115114197000_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1742","DOI":"10.1105\/tpc.15.00264","article-title":"Functional and genetic analysis identify a role for Arabidopsis ARGONAUTE5 in antiviral RNA silencing","volume":"27","author":"Brosseau","year":"2015","journal-title":"The Plant Cell"},{"key":"2023112115114197000_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3613","DOI":"10.1105\/tpc.112.099945","article-title":"Functional analysis of three Arabidopsis ARGONAUTES using slicer-defective mutants","volume":"24","author":"Carbonell","year":"2012","journal-title":"The Plant Cell"},{"key":"2023112115114197000_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1094\/PHYTO-10-22-0358-IA","article-title":"Transgene silencing, RNA interference, and the antiviral defense mechanism directed by small interfering RNAs","volume":"113","author":"Ding","year":"2023","journal-title":"Phytopathology"},{"key":"2023112115114197000_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1384","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkv1371","article-title":"Functional dissection of a plant Argonaute","volume":"44","author":"F\u00e1tyol","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Research"},{"key":"2023112115114197000_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1004755","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1004755","article-title":"Roles and programming of Arabidopsis ARGONAUTE proteins during Turnip mosaic virus infection","volume":"11","author":"Garcia-Ruiz","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Pathogens"},{"key":"2023112115114197000_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1094\/MPMI-21-8-1015","article-title":"Nicotiana benthamiana: its history and future as a model for plant\u2013pathogen interactions","volume":"21","author":"Goodin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions"},{"key":"2023112115114197000_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-018-0071-x","article-title":"Small RNA-based antimicrobial immunity","volume":"19","author":"Guo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature Reviews. 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