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While its molecular basis has been extensively studied in flowering plants, much less is known about this process in other plant lineages. Here, we investigated the gravitropic response of the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha, a model for early land plant evolution. In darkness, the thallus tips extended upward, forming several straight, narrow structures whose growth direction was consistently opposite to gravity and disrupted by clinostat treatment. These structures contained amyloplasts in parenchymatous cells, and their sedimentation preceded gravitropic curvature, suggesting a role as statoliths. Amyloplast sedimentation started near the tip and slowed with distance, and in more distal regions, both the size and the number of amyloplasts decreased. In starchless mutants (Mppgm1 and Mpaps1), the narrow structures displayed abnormal growth directions, although they still tended to elongate upward. These results indicate that while amyloplasts are required for proper gravitropism, M. polymorpha retains the ability to sense gravity even without well-developed amyloplasts. Our findings suggest that land plants use amyloplasts as statoliths but also possess amyloplast-independent mechanisms for gravitropic sensing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/eraf375","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,14]],"date-time":"2025-08-14T11:53:33Z","timestamp":1755172413000},"page":"6741-6757","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Amyloplasts are necessary for full gravitropism in thallus of\n                    <i>Marchantia polymorpha<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"76","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3432-8798","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mimi","family":"Hashimoto-Sugimoto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University , Nagoya 464-8601 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0781-9671","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takuya","family":"Norizuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Membrane Biology, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University , Maebashi 371-8512 ,","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Division of Cellular Dynamics, National Institute for Basic Biology , Okazaki 444-8585 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6057-3543","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shoji","family":"Segami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University , Nagoya 464-8601 ,","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Division of Evolutionary Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology , Okazaki 444-8585 ,","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Course for Basic Biology, The Graduate Institute for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI , Hayama 240-0115 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8167-3332","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yusaku","family":"Ohta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Course for Basic Biology, The Graduate Institute for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI , Hayama 240-0115 ,","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Bioimage Informatics Group, Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences , Okazaki 444-8787 ,","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Interdisciplinary Research Unit, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences , Okazaki 444-8787 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3328-3313","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Noriyuki","family":"Suetsugu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo , Tokyo 153-8902 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5190-892X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takashi","family":"Ueda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cellular Dynamics, National Institute for Basic Biology , Okazaki 444-8585 ,","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Course for Basic Biology, The Graduate Institute for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI , Hayama 240-0115 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6176-5758","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miyo Terao","family":"Morita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Course for Basic Biology, The Graduate Institute for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI , Hayama 240-0115 ,","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Division of Plant Environmental Responses, National Institute for Basic Biology , Okazaki 444-8585 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025120323414555700_eraf375-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3040.1995.tb00606.x","article-title":"Gravity perception in plants: a multiplicity of systems derived by evolution?","volume":"18","author":"Barlow","year":"1995","journal-title":"Plant, Cell & Environment"},{"key":"2025120323414555700_eraf375-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1677","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.103.032169","article-title":"Plant gravitropism. 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