{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T20:52:45Z","timestamp":1774299165513,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762819200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"name":"Research Fund KU Leuven","award":["C14\/21\/067"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C14\/21\/067"]}]},{"name":"Research Fund KU Leuven","award":["C14\/18\/056"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C14\/18\/056"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) plants primarily fix atmospheric CO2 at night and store it as malic acid in their vacuoles. During daytime, the vacuolar malate is remobilised and decarboxylated to supply CO2 for Rubisco assimilation. Light intensity and photoperiod play crucial roles in regulating this process, but their influences on the underlying molecular and biochemical mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, physiological, biochemical, and molecular approaches were integrated to uncover the temporal patterns and light responsiveness of gene transcript and protein abundances, and the activities of enzymes involved in diurnal malate remobilisation in the obligate CAM plant Kalancho\u00eb fedtschenkoi. Vacuolar malate transport was primarily influenced by the endogenous clock and photoperiod, with the ALUMINIUM-ACTIVATED MALATE TRANSPORTER 4 (ALMT4) being a more plausible transporter candidate than the TONOPLAST DICARBOXYLATE TRANSPORTER (tDT). Malate decarboxylation was mainly dictated by photoperiod, with light intensity playing a supplementary role. Both photoperiod and light intensity greatly affected CO2 refixation and pyruvate recycling, with PYRUVATE ORTHOPHOSPHATE DIKINASE (PPDK) being the most strictly light-regulated player at the mRNA, protein abundance and activity levels, closely matching malate dynamics. Overall, PPDK seems to be a key regulator of light-dependent diurnal deacidification in CAM leaves, rather than the vacuolar malate transport or decarboxylation processes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/eraf500","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,10]],"date-time":"2025-11-10T12:34:42Z","timestamp":1762778082000},"page":"1199-1216","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["PYRUVATE ORTHOPHOSPHATE DIKINASE (PPDK) as a putative key regulator of diurnal deacidification in CAM leaves across varying light intensities and photoperiods"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"77","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7459-7765","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stijn","family":"Daems","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Group for Sustainable Crop Production & Protection, Division of Crop Biotechnics, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven , Kleinhoefstraat 4, Geel 2440 ,","place":["Belgium"]},{"name":"KU Leuven Plant Institute (LPI), KU Leuven , Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, Leuven 3001 ,","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5638-2472","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bram","family":"Van de Poel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"KU Leuven Plant Institute (LPI), KU Leuven , Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, Leuven 3001 ,","place":["Belgium"]},{"name":"Division of Crop Biotechnics, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven , Willem de Croylaan 42, Leuven 3001 ,","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5225-9159","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johan","family":"Ceusters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Group for Sustainable Crop Production & Protection, Division of Crop Biotechnics, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven , Kleinhoefstraat 4, Geel 2440 ,","place":["Belgium"]},{"name":"KU Leuven Plant Institute (LPI), KU Leuven , Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, Leuven 3001 ,","place":["Belgium"]},{"name":"Centre for Environmental Sciences, Environmental Biology, UHasselt , Diepenbeek 3590 ,","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026021203021952500_eraf500-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1111\/tpj.14757","article-title":"Peeling back the layers of crassulacean acid metabolism: functional differentiation between Kalancho\u00eb fedtschenkoi epidermis and mesophyll proteomes","volume":"103","author":"Abraham","year":"2020","journal-title":"The Plant Journal"},{"key":"2026021203021952500_eraf500-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1144","DOI":"10.1093\/pcp\/pcs059","article-title":"Functional characterization of residues involved in redox modulation of maize photosynthetic NADP-malic enzyme activity","volume":"53","author":"Alvarez","year":"2012","journal-title":"Plant & 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