{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T07:14:12Z","timestamp":1773731652463,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]],"date-time":"2025-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766102400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015814","name":"Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015814","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006132","name":"U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006132","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006206","name":"Office of Biological and Environmental Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DE-SC0018409"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DE-SC0018409"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006206","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006151","name":"Basic Energy Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DE- FG02-91ER20021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DE- FG02-91ER20021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006151","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) is a promising bioenergy crop due in part to its resilience to drought stress. However, the significance of drought timing remains poorly understood, both from a plant biology perspective and in terms of its impact on downstream biofuel production. This study determines the developmental stage-specific physiological and metabolic responses of switchgrass to drought stress and their implications for biofuel production using a custom-built programmable irrigation system. Vegetative-, flowering-, and senescence-stage drought significantly reduced carbon dioxide assimilation and stomatal conductance without affecting biomass yield. Metabolic profiling revealed significant accumulation of glucose, fructose, quinic acid, shikimate, and \u03b3-aminobutyric acid (GABA) during vegetative-stage drought, while flowering and senescence stages exhibited limited metabolic changes. Similarly, specialized metabolites also displayed distinct developmental patterns, with vegetative-stage drought driving the most pronounced metabolic alterations. Thermochemically treated and hydrolyzed switchgrass biomass from vegetative-stage drought showed elevated lignocellulose-derived compounds and saponins, with the latter most positively correlating with fermentation lag times. Conversely, senescence-stage drought enhanced ethanol yields while lowering saponin levels in the hydrolysates. While vegetative-stage drought enhanced physiological resilience, it compromises downstream biofuel production by introducing fermentation inhibitors, particularly saponins.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/eraf533","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,8]],"date-time":"2025-12-08T12:35:55Z","timestamp":1765197355000},"page":"1888-1902","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Developmentally specific physiological and metabolic responses support drought resilience in switchgrass and constrain biofuel yield"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"77","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9424-2478","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Binod","family":"Basyal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Plant Biology Department, Michigan State University , East Lansing, MI 48824 ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University , East Lansing, MI 48824 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Michigan State University , East Lansing, MI 48824 ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University , East Lansing, MI 48824 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicole M","family":"Nightingale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, WI 53726 ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, WI 53706 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katherine A","family":"Overmyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, WI 53726 ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, WI 53706 ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Morgridge Institute for Research , Madison, WI 53706 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joshua J","family":"Coon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, WI 53726 ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, WI 53706 ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Morgridge Institute for Research , Madison, WI 53706 ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, WI 53706 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yaoping","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, WI 53726 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gian Maria Niccol\u00f2","family":"Benucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University , East Lansing, MI 48824 ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University , East Lansing, MI 48824 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6974-9587","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert L","family":"Last","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plant Biology Department, Michigan State University , East Lansing, MI 48824 ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University , East Lansing, MI 48824 ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University , East Lansing, MI 48824 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