{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T10:11:13Z","timestamp":1776247873662,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769472000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"name":"JIRCAS research program \u2018Africa rice farming system\u2019."}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Demand for rice (Oryza sativa L.) is rapidly increasing in sub-Saharan Africa; however, its productivity is constrained by nutrient-poor paddy soils, particularly those deficient in N and P. Improving root system architecture offers potential to enhance nutrient uptake efficiency and increase yield under such conditions. This study aimed to identify the most effective root phenotype for enhancing grain yield under the nutrient-deficient soil conditions in Madagascar. A high-yielding indica cultivar\u2014IR64\u2014and 12 near-isogenic and pyramiding lines carrying single or multiple quantitative trait loci for root growth angle, length, volume, and thickness were evaluated across several nutrient-deficient paddy fields with varying nutrient gradients with depth. A pyramiding line combining DRO1 and qsor1, which confer deeper and shallower rooting traits, respectively, exhibited significantly higher grain yield than IR64 at the yield levels of 2.7\u20135.1 t ha\u22121. This dimorphic root system expanded root distribution into both topsoil and subsoil, enhanced N and P uptake, and increased overall grain yield by 16\u201323% relative to IR64. These findings suggest that root system architecture expansion into multiple soil layers represents a promising ideotype for improving rice performance in nutrient-deficient paddy fields and may serve as a key breeding target to boost rice production in sub-Saharan Africa.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/erag043","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T12:41:13Z","timestamp":1769172073000},"page":"2565-2577","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Dimorphic-root ideotype demonstrates increased rice yield in nutrient-deficient paddy fields in Madagascar"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"77","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6498-610X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Toshiyuki","family":"Takai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Crop, Livestock and Environment Division, Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS) , Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8686 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tsiry","family":"Rakotoarinjara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rice Research Department, National Center of Applied Research on Rural Development , Tsimbazaza, Antananarivo BP1690 ,","place":["Madagascar"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tefy Manantsu","family":"Rajaonera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rice Research Department, National Center of Applied Research on Rural Development , Tsimbazaza, Antananarivo BP1690 ,","place":["Madagascar"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Viviane","family":"Raharinivo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rice Research Department, National Center of Applied Research on Rural Development , Tsimbazaza, Antananarivo BP1690 ,","place":["Madagascar"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aung Zaw","family":"Oo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Crop, Livestock and Environment Division, Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS) , Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8686 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomohiro","family":"Nishigaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Crop, Livestock and Environment Division, Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS) , Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8686 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hidetoshi","family":"Asai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Crop, Livestock and Environment Division, Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS) , Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8686 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yojiro","family":"Taniguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO) , Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8518 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuka","family":"Kitomi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO) , Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8518 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shota","family":"Teramoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO) , Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8518 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7738-9913","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yasuhiro","family":"Tsujimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Crop, Livestock and Environment Division, Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS) , Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8686 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yusaku","family":"Uga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO) , Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8518 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026041505173371500_erag043-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5563","DOI":"10.1038\/srep05563","article-title":"Deep rooting conferred by DEEPER ROOTING 1 enhances rice yield in paddy fields","volume":"4","author":"Arai-Sanoh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"2026041505173371500_erag043-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1080\/1343943X.2021.1908150","article-title":"Farmyard manure application increases spikelet fertility and grain yield of lowland rice on phosphorus-deficient and cool-climate conditions in Madagascar highlands","volume":"24","author":"Asai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Plant Production Science"},{"key":"2026041505173371500_erag043-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2113(06)94002-4","article-title":"Increasing rice production in sub-Saharan Africa: challenges and opportunities","volume":"94","author":"Balasubramanian","year":"2007","journal-title":"Advances in Agronomy"},{"key":"2026041505173371500_erag043-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1007\/s12284-009-9028-9","article-title":"Rice root genetic architecture: meta-analysis from a drought QTL database","volume":"2","author":"Courtois","year":"2009","journal-title":"Rice"},{"key":"2026041505173371500_erag043-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1007\/s00122-021-03953-5","article-title":"Pinpointing genomic regions associated with root system architecture in rice through an integrative meta-analysis approach","volume":"135","author":"Daryani","year":"2022","journal-title":"Theoretical and Applied Genetics"},{"key":"2026041505173371500_erag043-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1093\/aob\/mcw112","article-title":"Impact of axial root growth angles on nitrogen acquisition in maize depends on environmental conditions","volume":"118","author":"Dathe","year":"2016","journal-title":"Annals of Botany"},{"key":"2026041505173371500_erag043-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tplants.2010.08.009","article-title":"The roots of a new green revolution","volume":"15","author":"Den Herder","year":"2010","journal-title":"Trends in Plant Science"},{"key":"2026041505173371500_erag043-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1080\/1343943X.2017.1305868","article-title":"Near-isogenic lines of IR64 (Oryza sativa subsp. indica cv.) introgressed with DEEPER ROOTING 1 and STELE TRANSVERSAL AREA 1 improve rice yield formation over the background parent across three water management regimes","volume":"20","author":"Deshmukh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Plant Production Science"},{"key":"2026041505173371500_erag043-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1007\/s00122-011-1629-1","article-title":"Evaluation of near-isogenic lines for drought resistance QTL and fine mapping of a locus affecting flag leaf width, spikelet number, and root volume in rice","volume":"123","author":"Ding","year":"2011","journal-title":"Theoretical and Applied Genetics"},{"key":"2026041505173371500_erag043-B10","author":"Dobermann","year":"2000"},{"key":"2026041505173371500_erag043-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1071\/FP03046","article-title":"Physiological roles for aerenchyma in phosphorus-stressed roots","volume":"30","author":"Fan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Functional Plant Biology"},{"key":"2026041505173371500_erag043-B12","author":"FAOSTAT","year":"2025"},{"key":"2026041505173371500_erag043-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1071\/AR9630742","article-title":"The analysis of adaptation in a plant-breeding programme","volume":"14","author":"Finlay","year":"1963","journal-title":"Australian Journal of Agricultural Research"},{"key":"2026041505173371500_erag043-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geoderma.2014.07.019","article-title":"Soil quality and constraints in global rice production","volume":"235\u2013236","author":"Haefele","year":"2014","journal-title":"Geoderma"},{"key":"2026041505173371500_erag043-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.3117\/plantroot.19.13","article-title":"QTL pyramiding reveals a crucial role of DEEPER ROOTING 1 on root system architecture adapted to drought stress in rice","volume":"19","author":"Iba","year":"2025","journal-title":"Plant Root"},{"key":"2026041505173371500_erag043-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03895","article-title":"The map-based sequence of the rice genome","volume":"436","author":"International Rice Genome Sequencing Project","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026041505173371500_erag043-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111627","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plantsci.2023.111627","article-title":"In-frame mutation in rice TEOSINTE BRANCHED1 (OsTB1) improves productivity under phosphorus deficiency","volume":"330","author":"Ishizaki","year":"2023","journal-title":"Plant Science"},{"key":"2026041505173371500_erag043-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1007\/s11103-007-9215-2","article-title":"Genetic and genomic approaches to develop rice germplasm for problem soils","volume":"65","author":"Ismail","year":"2007","journal-title":"Plant Molecular Biology"},{"key":"2026041505173371500_erag043-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21242","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2005911117","article-title":"Root angle modifications by the DRO1 homolog improve rice yields in saline paddy fields","volume":"117","author":"Kitomi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA"},{"key":"2026041505173371500_erag043-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.111.175414","article-title":"Root phenes for enhanced soil exploration and phosphorus acquisition: tools for future crops","volume":"156","author":"Lynch","year":"2011","journal-title":"Plant Physiology"},{"key":"2026041505173371500_erag043-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1093\/aob\/mcs293","article-title":"Steep, cheap and deep: an ideotype to optimize water and N acquisition by maize root systems","volume":"112","author":"Lynch","year":"2013","journal-title":"Annals of Botany"},{"key":"2026041505173371500_erag043-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1186\/s12284-018-0208-3","article-title":"IR64: a high-quality and high-yielding mega variety","volume":"11","author":"Mackill","year":"2018","journal-title":"Rice"},{"key":"2026041505173371500_erag043-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-2670(00)88444-5","article-title":"A modified single solution method for the determination of phosphate in natural waters","volume":"27","author":"Murphy","year":"1962","journal-title":"Analytica Chimica Acta"},{"key":"2026041505173371500_erag043-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1626\/pps.12.351","article-title":"Effects of planting time and nitrogen application on dry matter yield of the forage rice cultivar Tachiaoba in southwestern Japan","volume":"12","author":"Nakano","year":"2009","journal-title":"Plant Production Science"},{"key":"2026041505173371500_erag043-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1007\/s11104-018-3869-1","article-title":"Phosphorus uptake of rice plants is affected by phosphorus forms and physicochemical properties of tropical weathered soils","volume":"435","author":"Nishigaki","year":"2019","journal-title":"Plant and Soil"},{"key":"2026041505173371500_erag043-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1007\/s00122-010-1328-3","article-title":"Fine-mapping of qRL6.1, a major QTL for root length of rice seedlings grown under a wide range of NH4+ concentrations in hydroponic conditions","volume":"121","author":"Obara","year":"2010","journal-title":"Theoretical and Applied Genetics"},{"key":"2026041505173371500_erag043-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2361","DOI":"10.1007\/s11738-014-1609-6","article-title":"Root system architecture variation in response to different NH4+ concentrations and its association with nitrogen-deficient tolerance traits in rice","volume":"36","author":"Ogawa","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Physiologiae Plantarum"},{"key":"2026041505173371500_erag043-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaba0196","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aba0196","article-title":"A plant\u2019s diet, surviving in a variable nutrient environment","volume":"368","author":"Oldroyd","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026041505173371500_erag043-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9484","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-89129-z","article-title":"Synergy between a shallow root system with a DRO1 homologue and localized P application improves P uptake of lowland rice","volume":"11","author":"Oo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"2026041505173371500_erag043-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110008","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fcr.2025.110008","article-title":"Shallow root system with a DRO1 homolog combined with localized P application via P-dipping improves P use efficiency for rice production in nutrient-deficient lowlands in Madagascar","volume":"331","author":"Oo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Field Crops Research"},{"key":"2026041505173371500_erag043-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1080\/00380768.2022.2136929","article-title":"Prediction of the soil properties of Malagasy rice soils based on the soil color and magnetic susceptibility","volume":"69","author":"Rakotonindrina","year":"2023","journal-title":"Soil Science and Plant Nutrition"},{"key":"2026041505173371500_erag043-B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108370","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fcr.2021.108370","article-title":"Phosphorus management strategies to increase lowland rice yields in sub-Saharan Africa: a review","volume":"275","author":"Rakotoson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Field Crops Research"},{"key":"2026041505173371500_erag043-B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1111\/tpj.15774","article-title":"Multi-objective optimization of root phenotypes for nutrient capture using evolutionary algorithms","volume":"111","author":"Rangarajan","year":"2022","journal-title":"The Plant Journal"},{"key":"2026041505173371500_erag043-B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1093\/aob\/mcs217","article-title":"Enhancing phosphorus and zinc acquisition efficiency in rice: a critical review of root traits and their potential utility in rice breeding","volume":"112","author":"Rose","year":"2013","journal-title":"Annals of Botany"},{"key":"2026041505173371500_erag043-B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geoderma.2018.11.036","article-title":"Yield-limiting macronutrients for rice in sub-Saharan Africa","volume":"338","author":"Saito","year":"2019","journal-title":"Geoderma"},{"key":"2026041505173371500_erag043-B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1002\/csc2.20344","article-title":"Effects of quantitative trait locus MP3 on the number of panicles and rice productivity in nutrient-poor soils of Madagascar","volume":"61","author":"Takai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Crop Science"},{"key":"2026041505173371500_erag043-B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1111\/tpj.16143","article-title":"MORE PANICLES 3, a natural allele of OsTB1\/FC1, impacts rice yield in paddy fields at elevated CO2 levels","volume":"114","author":"Takai","year":"2023","journal-title":"The Plant Journal"},{"key":"2026041505173371500_erag043-B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/erad422","article-title":"Potential of rice tillering for sustainable food production","volume":"75","author":"Takai","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Botany"},{"key":"2026041505173371500_erag043-B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109566","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fcr.2024.109566","article-title":"MP3, a quantitative trait locus for increased panicle number, improves rice yield potential in Japan by connecting with high source and translocation traits","volume":"318","author":"Takai","year":"2024","journal-title":"Field Crops Research"},{"key":"2026041505173371500_erag043-B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1080\/1343943X.2024.2308337","article-title":"Enhancing initial growth of transplanted rice under phosphorus deficiency: combined effects of tillering quantitative trait locus and P-dipping technique","volume":"27","author":"Takai","year":"2024","journal-title":"Plant Production Science"},{"key":"2026041505173371500_erag043-B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e17171","DOI":"10.1111\/tpj.17171","article-title":"Detection of quantitative trait loci for rice root systems grown in paddies based on nondestructive phenotyping using X-ray computed tomography","volume":"121","author":"Teramoto","year":"2025","journal-title":"The Plant Journal"},{"key":"2026041505173371500_erag043-B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fcr.2012.10.007","article-title":"When yield gaps are poverty traps: the paradigm of ecological intensification in African smallholder agriculture","volume":"143","author":"Tittonell","year":"2013","journal-title":"Field Crops Research"},{"key":"2026041505173371500_erag043-B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1080\/1343943X.2019.1617638","article-title":"Challenges and opportunities for improving N use efficiency for rice production in sub-Saharan Africa","volume":"22","author":"Tsujimoto","year":"2019","journal-title":"Plant Production Science"},{"key":"2026041505173371500_erag043-B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1080\/1343943X.2020.1808026","article-title":"AZ-97 (Oryza sativa ssp. indica) exhibits superior biomass production by maintaining the tiller numbers, leaf width, and leaf elongation rate under phosphorus deficiency","volume":"24","author":"Tsujimoto","year":"2020","journal-title":"Plant Production Science"},{"key":"2026041505173371500_erag043-B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1007\/s11032-010-9450-0","article-title":"Fine mapping of Sta1, a quantitative trait locus determining stele transversal area, on rice chromosome 9","volume":"26","author":"Uga","year":"2010","journal-title":"Molecular Breeding"},{"key":"2026041505173371500_erag043-B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2485","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/erq429","article-title":"Dro1, a major QTL involved in deep rooting of rice under upland field conditions","volume":"62","author":"Uga","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Botany"},{"key":"2026041505173371500_erag043-B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.2725","article-title":"Control of root system architecture by DEEPER ROOTING 1 increases rice yield under drought conditions","volume":"45","author":"Uga","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature Genetics"},{"key":"2026041505173371500_erag043-B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3040","DOI":"10.1038\/srep03040","article-title":"A major QTL controlling deep rooting on rice chromosome 4","volume":"3","author":"Uga","year":"2013","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"2026041505173371500_erag043-B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1270\/jsbbs.65.111","article-title":"Genetic improvement for root growth angle to enhance crop production","volume":"65","author":"Uga","year":"2015","journal-title":"Breeding Science"},{"key":"2026041505173371500_erag043-B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1270\/jsbbs.20118","article-title":"Challenges to design-oriented breeding of root system architecture adapted to climate change","volume":"71","author":"Uga","year":"2021","journal-title":"Breeding Science"},{"key":"2026041505173371500_erag043-B51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1118","DOI":"10.1093\/pcp\/pcq084","article-title":"Contribution of strigolactones to the inhibition of tiller bud outgrowth under phosphate deficiency in rice","volume":"51","author":"Umehara","year":"2010","journal-title":"Plant & Cell Physiology"},{"key":"2026041505173371500_erag043-B52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-4290(99)00049-0","article-title":"Genotype by environment interactions across diverse rainfed lowland rice environments","volume":"64","author":"Wade","year":"1999","journal-title":"Field Crops Research"},{"key":"2026041505173371500_erag043-B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1963.10500845","article-title":"Hierarchical grouping to optimize an objective function","volume":"58","author":"Ward","year":"1963","journal-title":"Journal of the American Statistical Association"},{"key":"2026041505173371500_erag043-B54","author":"World Bank","year":"2025"},{"key":"2026041505173371500_erag043-B55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.143","article-title":"Natural variation in Ghd7 is an important regulator of heading date and yield potential in rice","volume":"40","author":"Xue","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature Genetics"}],"container-title":["Journal of Experimental Botany"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jxb\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/jxb\/erag043\/66586157\/erag043.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jxb\/article-pdf\/77\/8\/2565\/66586157\/erag043.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jxb\/article-pdf\/77\/8\/2565\/66586157\/erag043.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T09:18:25Z","timestamp":1776244705000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jxb\/article\/77\/8\/2565\/8441724"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"St\u00e9phanie","family":"Swarbreck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Agricultural Botany, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jxb\/erag043","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-0957","1460-2431"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-0957","type":"print"},{"value":"1460-2431","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]]}}}