{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T07:50:46Z","timestamp":1792137046110,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785974400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100020884","name":"ANID","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21220957-2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21220957-2022"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100020884","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The physiological basis of the trade-off between grain number (GN) and thousand grain weight (TGW) is key to wheat yield improvement. To that end, three wheat line groups were assessed at conventional (300\u2013350 plants m\u22122) and low (44 plants m\u22122) planting rates in field experiments: TaExpA6 (EXPANSIN A6 overexpression), TaGW2 (GRAIN WIDTH 2 triple knockout), and TaP1\u00d7GW2A (VEGETATIVE TO REPRODUCTIVE TRANSITION 2 ectopic expression, and TaGW2-A knockout), together with their wild types (WTs). Lines TaExpA6 and TaGW2 increased TGW over their respective WTs, whereas line TaP1\u00d7GW2A showed no effect on this trait. The transgenic TaExpA6 line was the only one to achieve greater grain yield (GY) than its WT, as the TGW increase conferred by the TaGW2 triple mutant was fully offset by reductions in spike number (SpN) and grain number per spike (GNS). Contrasting effects of TaExpA6 and TaGW2 lines were identified on the ovary weight and floret dynamics, probably associated with the trade-off between TGW and GN. The TaExpA6 construct drives targeted expression in developing grain tissues at post-anthesis, avoiding the overlap with GN determination. In contrast, TaGW2 disruption constrains tillering, probably as a pleiotropic effect, and shifts intra-spike resource allocation, promoting early ovary growth at the expense of distal floret development and GNS. A low planting rate increased individual spike dry weight at anthesis across all line groups, mitigating the TGW\u2013GNS trade-off and increasing both traits simultaneously. These results highlight that post-anthesis, grain-specific gene expression plays an important role in mitigating the trade-off between TGW and GN.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/erag369","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,26]],"date-time":"2026-07-26T11:31:42Z","timestamp":1785065502000},"page":"6481-6497","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["<i>EXPANSIN<\/i>\n                    A6 and\n                    <i>GRAIN WIDTH 2<\/i>\n                    genes differentially affect grain weight, grain number, and yield of wheat through their physiological determinants"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"77","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-3449-812X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucas","family":"Vicentin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School, Faculty of Agricultural Science, Universidad Austral de Chile , Campus Isla Teja, Valdivia ,","place":["Chile"]},{"name":"Institute of Plant Production and Protection, Universidad Austral de Chile , Campus Isla Teja, Valdivia ,","place":["Chile"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7873-5101","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel F","family":"Calderini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Plant Production and Protection, Universidad Austral de Chile , Campus Isla Teja, Valdivia ,","place":["Chile"]},{"name":"Chilean Academy of Agronomic Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026101603381547100_erag369-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fcr.2005.12.005","article-title":"Grain weight response to increases in number of grains in wheat in a Mediterranean area","volume":"98","author":"Acreche","year":"2006","journal-title":"Field Crops Research"},{"key":"2026101603381547100_erag369-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2296","DOI":"10.1093\/plcell\/koab119","article-title":"Ectopic expression of Triticum polonicum VRT-A2 underlies elongated glumes and grains in hexaploid wheat in a dosage-dependent manner","volume":"33","author":"Adamski","year":"2021","journal-title":"The Plant Cell"},{"key":"2026101603381547100_erag369-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fcr.2024.109654","article-title":"Tillering and floret development dynamics in wheat cultivars of contrasting spike fertility plasticity","volume":"319","author":"Bicego","year":"2024","journal-title":"Field Crops Research"},{"key":"2026101603381547100_erag369-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fcr.2003.08.002","article-title":"Seed dry weight response to source\u2013sink manipulations in wheat, maize and soybean: a quantitative reappraisal","volume":"86","author":"Borr\u00e1s","year":"2004","journal-title":"Field Crops Research"},{"key":"2026101603381547100_erag369-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1079\/9781845936334.0115","volume-title":"Multi-location testing as a tool to identify plant response to global climate change","author":"Braun","year":"2010"},{"key":"2026101603381547100_erag369-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.14624","article-title":"Increased pericarp cell length underlies a major quantitative trait locus for grain weight in hexaploid wheat","volume":"215","author":"Brinton","year":"2017","journal-title":"New Phytologist"},{"key":"2026101603381547100_erag369-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fcr.2013.01.015","article-title":"Combining high grain number and weight through a DH-population to improve grain yield potential of wheat in high-yielding environments","volume":"145","author":"Bustos","year":"2013","journal-title":"Field Crops Research"},{"key":"2026101603381547100_erag369-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0523.1995.tb00772.x","article-title":"Genetic improvement in wheat yield and associated traits. 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