{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T06:57:51Z","timestamp":1790837871945,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787184000000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"name":"AgroEcoSystem","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01e7wth34","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"French National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/003vg9w96","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"National French Research Agency","award":["ANR-22-CE20-0041"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-22-CE20-0041"]}]},{"name":"Chinese Scholarship Council"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Wheat grain number integrates the fate of individual florets, strongly affected by environmental stress during sensitive stages such as meiosis. Because development is asynchronous across tillers, spikelets, and florets, it is hard to distinguish stress tolerance from stress escape. Based on 2400 destructive measurements of spike and anther length together with non-destructive morphological measurements from 158 plants grown in four experiments in a controlled environment, we developed a framework to track individual floret developmental stages at plant level. We applied it in two case studies for connecting within-plant developmental asynchrony to reproductive success under favorable or heat conditions. All florets showed a common relative growth rate, producing additive delays across tillers (1\u20137\u2005d), spikelets (1\u20135\u2005d), and floret positions (1\u20136\u2005d). This generated a developmental map for every floret based on external traits. Under control conditions, grain set probability at floret level combined both positional and developmental effects within a spike. Under heat stress, grain loss occurred only in florets at meiosis during the stress, allowing quantification of a true \u2018stress response\u2019, while later florets escaped damage. This framework allows us to understand and predict floret development and link it to grain set, clearly distinguishing timing effects from positional influences and separating tolerance from stress escape.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/erag386","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T11:49:10Z","timestamp":1787140150000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Temporal profiling of floret developmental asynchrony for wheat fertility studies"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5373-218X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Duo","family":"Jiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"LEPSE, Universit\u00e9 de Montpellier, INRAE, Institut Agro , 34000 Montpellier ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olivier","family":"Turc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LEPSE, Universit\u00e9 de Montpellier, INRAE, Institut Agro , 34000 Montpellier ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aur\u00e9lien","family":"Ausset","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LEPSE, Universit\u00e9 de Montpellier, INRAE, Institut Agro , 34000 Montpellier ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexis","family":"Bedi\u00e9e","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LEPSE, Universit\u00e9 de Montpellier, INRAE, Institut Agro , 34000 Montpellier ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5941-2227","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jessica","family":"Bertheloot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LEPSE, Universit\u00e9 de Montpellier, INRAE, Institut Agro , 34000 Montpellier ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7948-1462","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Denis","family":"Vile","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LEPSE, Universit\u00e9 de Montpellier, INRAE, Institut Agro , 34000 Montpellier ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7600-9592","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Boris","family":"Parent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LEPSE, Universit\u00e9 de Montpellier, INRAE, Institut Agro , 34000 Montpellier ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026100102270405400_erag386-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fcr.2018.01.010","article-title":"Parameterising wheat leaf and tiller dynamics for faithful reconstruction of wheat plants by structural plant models","volume":"218","author":"Abichou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Field Crops Research"},{"key":"2026100102270405400_erag386-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1038\/nclimate2470","article-title":"Rising temperatures reduce global wheat production","volume":"5","author":"Asseng","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature Climate Change"},{"key":"2026100102270405400_erag386-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5088","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/erad233","article-title":"Delayed development of basal spikelets in wheat explains their increased floret abortion and rudimentary nature","volume":"74","author":"Backhaus","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Botany"},{"key":"2026100102270405400_erag386-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0209597","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0209597","article-title":"Different grain-filling rates explain grain-weight differences along the wheat ear","volume":"13","author":"Baillot","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2026100102270405400_erag386-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fcr.2008.06.014","article-title":"Early development and enlargement of wheat floret primordia suggest a role of partitioning within spike to grain set","volume":"110","author":"Bancal","year":"2009","journal-title":"Field Crops Research"},{"key":"2026100102270405400_erag386-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1111\/aab.12207","article-title":"Decimal growth stages for precision wheat production in changing environments?","volume":"166","author":"Barber","year":"2015","journal-title":"Annals of Applied Biology"},{"key":"2026100102270405400_erag386-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2017.00051","article-title":"Temporally and genetically discrete periods of wheat sensitivity to high temperature","volume":"8","author":"Barber","year":"2017","journal-title":"Frontiers in Plant Science"},{"key":"2026100102270405400_erag386-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3040.2007.01727.x","article-title":"The effect of drought and heat stress on reproductive processes in cereals","volume":"31","author":"Barnab\u00e1s","year":"2008","journal-title":"Plant, Cell & Environment"},{"key":"2026100102270405400_erag386-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2449","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/erz012","article-title":"Experimental and modeling evidence of carbon limitation of leaf appearance rate for spring and winter wheat","volume":"70","author":"Baumont","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Botany"},{"key":"2026100102270405400_erag386-B10","first-page":"1407","article-title":"Premeiotic, 24-nucleotide reproductive phasiRNAs are abundant in anthers of wheat and barley but not rice and maize","volume":"184","author":"B\u00e9langer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Plant Physiology"},{"key":"2026100102270405400_erag386-B11","first-page":"39","article-title":"Cell development in the anther, the ovule, and the young seed of Triticum aestivum l. var. Chinese spring","volume":"266","author":"Bennett","year":"1973","journal-title":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences"},{"key":"2026100102270405400_erag386-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1139\/g72-076","article-title":"The effect of temperature on meiosis and pollen development in wheat and rye","volume":"14","author":"Bennett","year":"1972","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Genetics and Cytology"},{"key":"2026100102270405400_erag386-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109654","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fcr.2024.109654","article-title":"Tillering and floret development dynamics in wheat cultivars of contrasting spike fertility plasticity","volume":"319","author":"Bicego","year":"2024","journal-title":"Field Crops Research"},{"key":"2026100102270405400_erag386-B14","volume-title":"Inflorescences of maize, wheat, rye, barley, and oats: their initiation and development","author":"Bonnett","year":"1966"},{"key":"2026100102270405400_erag386-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2018.00228","article-title":"Anther morphological development and stage determination in Triticum aestivum","volume":"9","author":"Browne","year":"2018","journal-title":"Frontiers in Plant Science"},{"key":"2026100102270405400_erag386-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tplants.2023.08.012","article-title":"Critical period for yield determination across grain crops","volume":"29","author":"Carrera","year":"2024","journal-title":"Trends in Plant Science"},{"key":"2026100102270405400_erag386-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1007\/s00709-016-0950-6","article-title":"It is a matter of timing: asynchrony during pollen development and its consequences on pollen performance in angiosperms\u2014a review","volume":"254","author":"Carrizo Garc\u00eda","year":"2017","journal-title":"Protoplasma"},{"key":"2026100102270405400_erag386-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126824","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eja.2023.126824","article-title":"Scales of development for wheat and barley specific to either single culms or a population of culms","volume":"147","author":"Celestina","year":"2023","journal-title":"European Journal of Agronomy"},{"key":"2026100102270405400_erag386-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy12050987","article-title":"Heat stress during meiosis has lasting impacts on plant growth and reproduction in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)","volume":"12","author":"Choudhary","year":"2022","journal-title":"Agronomy"},{"key":"2026100102270405400_erag386-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tplants.2025.07.012","article-title":"Yield potential and stress adaptation are not mutually exclusive: wheat as a case study","volume":"31","author":"del Pozo","year":"2026","journal-title":"Trends in Plant Science"},{"key":"2026100102270405400_erag386-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1785","DOI":"10.1007\/s00122-017-2925-1","article-title":"Short periods of high temperature during meiosis prevent normal meiotic progression and reduce grain number in hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L","volume":"130","author":"Draeger","year":"2017","journal-title":"Theoretical and Applied Genetics"},{"key":"2026100102270405400_erag386-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2016.03.016","article-title":"A framework for evaluating developmental defects at the cellular level: an example from ten maize anther mutants using morphological and molecular data","volume":"419","author":"Egger","year":"2016","journal-title":"Developmental Biology"},{"key":"2026100102270405400_erag386-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fcr.2006.01.005","article-title":"Fruit development and reproductive survival in soybean: position and age effects","volume":"98","author":"Egli","year":"2006","journal-title":"Field Crops Research"},{"key":"2026100102270405400_erag386-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"CP23214","DOI":"10.1071\/CP23214","article-title":"Field screening for heat-stress tolerance of floret fertility in wheat (Triticum aestivum and T. durum)","volume":"75","author":"Emebiri","year":"2024","journal-title":"Crop & Pasture Science"},{"key":"2026100102270405400_erag386-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635397","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2021.635397","article-title":"The WtmsDW locus on wheat chromosome 2B controls major natural variation for floret sterility responses to heat stress at booting stage","volume":"12","author":"Erena","year":"2021","journal-title":"Frontiers in Plant Science"},{"key":"2026100102270405400_erag386-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1071\/BI9720001","article-title":"The pattern of grain set within ears of wheat","volume":"25","author":"Evans","year":"1972","journal-title":"Australian Journal of Biological Sciences"},{"key":"2026100102270405400_erag386-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3475","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/eraa156","article-title":"Accurate staging of reproduction development in cadenza wheat by non-destructive spike analysis","volume":"71","author":"Fern\u00e1ndez-G\u00f3mez","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Botany"},{"key":"2026100102270405400_erag386-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fcr.2016.12.028","article-title":"Yield determination, interplay between major components and yield stability in a traditional and a contemporary wheat across a wide range of environments","volume":"203","author":"Ferrante","year":"2017","journal-title":"Field Crops Research"},{"key":"2026100102270405400_erag386-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4351","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/erq236","article-title":"Floret development of durum wheat in response to nitrogen availability","volume":"61","author":"Ferrante","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Botany"},{"key":"2026100102270405400_erag386-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2859","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/ert129","article-title":"Is floret primordia death triggered by floret development in durum wheat?","volume":"64","author":"Ferrante","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Botany"},{"key":"2026100102270405400_erag386-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107908","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fcr.2020.107908","article-title":"Floret development and spike fertility in wheat: differences between cultivars of contrasting yield potential and their sensitivity to photoperiod and soil N","volume":"256","author":"Ferrante","year":"2020","journal-title":"Field Crops Research"},{"key":"2026100102270405400_erag386-B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109497","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fcr.2024.109497","article-title":"Breeding for increased grains\/m2 in wheat crops through targeting critical period duration: a review","volume":"316","author":"Fischer","year":"2024","journal-title":"Field Crops Research"},{"key":"2026100102270405400_erag386-B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1010","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-313X.2008.03570.x","article-title":"Autophagy regulated by day length determines the number of fertile florets in wheat","volume":"55","author":"Ghiglione","year":"2008","journal-title":"The Plant Journal"},{"key":"2026100102270405400_erag386-B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3099","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/erv117","article-title":"Variance components, heritability and correlation analysis of anther and ovary size during the floral development of bread wheat","volume":"66","author":"Guo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Botany"},{"key":"2026100102270405400_erag386-B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4221","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/erw200","article-title":"Genotypic variation in spike fertility traits and ovary size as determinants of floret and grain survival rate in wheat","volume":"67","author":"Guo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Botany"},{"key":"2026100102270405400_erag386-B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.2134\/agronj1973.00021962006500010035x","article-title":"Visual quantification of wheat development","volume":"65","author":"Haun","year":"1973","journal-title":"Agronomy Journal"},{"key":"2026100102270405400_erag386-B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1071\/AR9910661","article-title":"Convergence and synchrony\u2014a review of the coordination of development in wheat","volume":"42","author":"Hay","year":"1991","journal-title":"Australian Journal of Agricultural Research"},{"key":"2026100102270405400_erag386-B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-025-07784-8","article-title":"Siblicide between fertilized and unfertilized ovaries within the maize ear","volume":"8","author":"Huang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Communications Biology"},{"key":"2026100102270405400_erag386-B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-arplant-060223-041716","article-title":"The birth and death of floral organs in cereal crops","volume":"75","author":"Huang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Annual Review of Plant Biology"},{"key":"2026100102270405400_erag386-B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1017\/S0021859600051339","article-title":"Ear development in spring wheat","volume":"82","author":"Kirby","year":"1974","journal-title":"Journal of Agricultural Science"},{"key":"2026100102270405400_erag386-B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-4290(88)90004-4","article-title":"Analysis of leaf, stem and ear growth in wheat from terminal spikelet stage to anthesis","volume":"18","author":"Kirby","year":"1988","journal-title":"Field Crops Research"},{"key":"2026100102270405400_erag386-B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-4290(90)90008-Y","article-title":"Co-ordination of leaf emergence and leaf and spikelet primordium initiation in wheat","volume":"25","author":"Kirby","year":"1990","journal-title":"Field Crops Research"},{"key":"2026100102270405400_erag386-B43","first-page":"19","volume-title":"Bread wheat: improvement and production","author":"Kirby","year":"2002"},{"key":"2026100102270405400_erag386-B44","volume-title":"Cereal development guide","author":"Kirby","year":"1984"},{"key":"2026100102270405400_erag386-B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-009-3131-2_10","volume-title":"Wheat breeding: its scientific basis","author":"Kirby","year":"1987"},{"key":"2026100102270405400_erag386-B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aob.a084743","article-title":"A study of floret development in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)","volume":"37","author":"Langer","year":"1973","journal-title":"Annals of Botany"},{"key":"2026100102270405400_erag386-B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1093\/aob\/mcr308","article-title":"Asynchronous flowering and within-plant flowering diversity in wheat and the implications for crop resilience to heat","volume":"109","author":"Lukac","year":"2012","journal-title":"Annals of Botany"},{"key":"2026100102270405400_erag386-B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1341","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.20297","article-title":"Pinpointing the timing of meiosis: a critical factor in evaluating the impact of abiotic stresses on the fertility of cereal crops","volume":"245","author":"Masoomi-Aladizgeh","year":"2025","journal-title":"New Phytologist"},{"key":"2026100102270405400_erag386-B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.2135\/cropsci2011.04.0212","article-title":"System to uniquely name wheat plant structures","volume":"52","author":"Moragues","year":"2012","journal-title":"Crop Science"},{"key":"2026100102270405400_erag386-B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3375","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/eraa217","article-title":"The importance of accurate developmental staging","volume":"71","author":"Ober","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Botany"},{"key":"2026100102270405400_erag386-B51","first-page":"986","article-title":"Ovary apical abortion under water deficit is caused by changes in sequential development of ovaries and in silk growth rate in maize","volume":"171","author":"Oury","year":"2016","journal-title":"Plant Physiology"},{"key":"2026100102270405400_erag386-B52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2359","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/ery402","article-title":"The use of thermal time in plant studies has a sound theoretical basis provided that confounding effects are avoided","volume":"70","author":"Parent","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Botany"},{"key":"2026100102270405400_erag386-B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8137.2012.04086.x","article-title":"Temperature responses of developmental processes have not been affected by breeding in different ecological areas for 17 crop species","volume":"194","author":"Parent","year":"2012","journal-title":"New Phytologist"},{"key":"2026100102270405400_erag386-B54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fcr.2016.09.024","article-title":"Field crops and the fear of heat stress\u2014opportunities, challenges and future directions","volume":"200","author":"Prasad","year":"2017","journal-title":"Field Crops Research"},{"key":"2026100102270405400_erag386-B55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.1071\/FP14061","article-title":"Response of floret fertility and individual grain weight of wheat to high temperature stress: sensitive stages and thresholds for temperature and duration","volume":"41","author":"Prasad","year":"2014","journal-title":"Functional Plant Biology"},{"key":"2026100102270405400_erag386-B56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1956","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/erz568","article-title":"Earliness per se\u00d7temperature interaction: consequences on leaf, spikelet, and floret development in wheat","volume":"71","author":"Prieto","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Botany"},{"key":"2026100102270405400_erag386-B57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1537-2197.1988.tb13430.x","article-title":"Anther and pollen development in rice (Oryza sativa)","volume":"75","author":"Raghavan","year":"1988","journal-title":"American Journal of Botany"},{"key":"2026100102270405400_erag386-B58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1071\/BI9700753","article-title":"The pattern of grain growth within the ear of wheat","volume":"23","author":"Rawson","year":"1970","journal-title":"Australian Journal of Biological Sciences"},{"key":"2026100102270405400_erag386-B59","volume-title":"R: a language and environment for statistical computing","author":"R Core Team","year":"2024"},{"key":"2026100102270405400_erag386-B60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1899","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/erp016","article-title":"Raising yield potential in wheat","volume":"60","author":"Reynolds","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Botany"},{"key":"2026100102270405400_erag386-B61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1038\/s43016-022-00512-z","article-title":"A wiring diagram to integrate physiological traits of wheat yield potential","volume":"3","author":"Reynolds","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature Food"},{"key":"2026100102270405400_erag386-B62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1688","DOI":"10.1038\/s41477-023-01516-8","article-title":"Stage-specific genotype-by-environment interactions determine yield components in wheat","volume":"9","author":"Sabir","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nature Plants"},{"key":"2026100102270405400_erag386-B63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fcr.2011.11.014","article-title":"Environmental modulation of yield components in cereals: heritabilities reveal a hierarchy of phenotypic plasticities","volume":"127","author":"Sadras","year":"2012","journal-title":"Field Crops Research"},{"key":"2026100102270405400_erag386-B64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aob.a086310","article-title":"Abnormal sporogenesis in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) induced by short periods of high temperature","volume":"49","author":"Saini","year":"1982","journal-title":"Annals of Botany"},{"key":"2026100102270405400_erag386-B65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5182","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1815465116","article-title":"Unleashing floret fertility in wheat through the mutation of a homeobox gene","volume":"116","author":"Sakuma","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA"},{"key":"2026100102270405400_erag386-B66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tplants.2023.03.015","article-title":"Winners take all: competition for carbon resource determines grain fate","volume":"28","author":"Shen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Trends in Plant Science"},{"key":"2026100102270405400_erag386-B67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aob.a087578","article-title":"Floret initiation and development in spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)","volume":"61","author":"Sibony","year":"1988","journal-title":"Annals of Botany"},{"key":"2026100102270405400_erag386-B68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fcr.2005.12.006","article-title":"Grain number, wheat yield, and bottling beer: an analysis","volume":"98","author":"Sinclair","year":"2006","journal-title":"Field Crops Research"},{"key":"2026100102270405400_erag386-B69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1002\/fes3.59","article-title":"Fruiting efficiency: an alternative trait to further rise wheat yield","volume":"4","author":"Slafer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Food and Energy Security"},{"key":"2026100102270405400_erag386-B70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-819194-1.00003-7","volume-title":"Crop physiology case histories for major crops","author":"Slafer","year":"2021"},{"key":"2026100102270405400_erag386-B71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1186\/s13007-017-0162-x","article-title":"Non-destructive determination of floral staging in cereals using X-ray micro computed tomography (\u00b5CT)","volume":"13","author":"Tracy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Plant Methods"},{"key":"2026100102270405400_erag386-B72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1038\/nclimate2242","article-title":"Adverse weather conditions for European wheat production will become more frequent with climate change","volume":"4","author":"Trnka","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature Climate Change"},{"key":"2026100102270405400_erag386-B73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1111\/aab.12097","article-title":"A new scale for the assessment of wheat spike morphogenesis","volume":"164","author":"Vahamidis","year":"2014","journal-title":"Annals of Applied Biology"},{"key":"2026100102270405400_erag386-B74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aob.a086434","article-title":"A quantitative scale of spike initial and pistil development in barley and wheat","volume":"51","author":"Waddington","year":"1983","journal-title":"Annals of Botany"},{"key":"2026100102270405400_erag386-B75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1017\/S0021859600041794","article-title":"Floret survival in wheat: significance of the time of floret initiation relative to terminal spikelet formation","volume":"98","author":"Whingwiri","year":"1982","journal-title":"Journal of Agricultural Science"},{"key":"2026100102270405400_erag386-B76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1071\/BI9660949","article-title":"The physiology of growth in the wheat plant. III. Growth of the primary shoot and inflorescence","volume":"19","author":"Williams","year":"1966","journal-title":"Australian Journal of Biological Sciences"},{"key":"2026100102270405400_erag386-B77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3180.1974.tb01084.x","article-title":"A decimal code for the growth stages of cereals","volume":"14","author":"Zadoks","year":"1974","journal-title":"Weed Research"},{"key":"2026100102270405400_erag386-B78","first-page":"993","article-title":"Transcriptomes and proteomes define gene expression progression in pre-meiotic maize anthers","volume":"4","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"2026100102270405400_erag386-B79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108007","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fcr.2020.108007","article-title":"Spike growth affects spike fertility through the number of florets with green anthers before floret abortion in wheat","volume":"260","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Field Crops Research"},{"key":"2026100102270405400_erag386-B80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cj.2023.10.009","article-title":"A dynamic regulation of nitrogen on floret primordia development in wheat","volume":"12","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"The Crop Journal"},{"key":"2026100102270405400_erag386-B81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3628","DOI":"10.1111\/pce.14672","article-title":"Dynamic gene regulatory networks improving spike fertility through regulation of floret primordia fate in wheat","volume":"46","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Plant, Cell & Environment"}],"container-title":["Journal of Experimental Botany"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jxb\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/jxb\/erag386\/70718133\/erag386.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jxb\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/jxb\/erag386\/70718133\/erag386.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T06:27:19Z","timestamp":1790836039000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jxb\/advance-article\/doi\/10.1093\/jxb\/erag386\/8766891"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"John","family":"Lunn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Max Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]]},"references-count":81,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jxb\/erag386","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-0957","1460-2431"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-0957","type":"print"},{"value":"1460-2431","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]]},"article-number":"erag386"}}