{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T09:10:20Z","timestamp":1789031420437,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":103,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788739200000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005357","name":"Slovak Research and Development Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["APVV-21-0147"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APVV-21-0147"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005357","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"EU NextGenerationEU through the Recovery and Resilience Plan","award":["09I03-03-V04-00143"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["09I03-03-V04-00143"]}]},{"name":"Scientific Grant Agency of Slovak Republic","award":["1\/0334\/25"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1\/0334\/25"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Salinization of agricultural land reduces crop productivity, often caused by poor irrigation practices and inadequate drainage that lead to salt accumulation in soil. High salinity disrupts water uptake and nutrient balance, promotes the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), induces stomatal closure, and damages photosynthesis, ultimately limiting plant growth and stress tolerance. Cold atmospheric pressure plasma (CAPP) has recently emerged as a promising method to mitigate salinity stress. Plasma-generated reactive particles (e.g. electrons, ions, metastables, reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, and UV radiation) interact with plant cells and activate signaling pathways that strengthen defense systems. We examined the effects of CAPP on Pisum sativum, a glycophytic species. We measured the activity of key antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, catalase, and guaiacol peroxidase, along with photosynthetic pigment content and levels of photosystem-related proteins. We also evaluated polyphenol oxidase activity, which was linked to increased lignification and suberin deposition in roots, confirmed by anatomical analysis. Our results showed that CAPP significantly enhanced growth and biochemical responses in pea plants exposed to salt stress, while untreated salt-stressed plants exhibited significantly reduced growth together with lower enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant responses. Overall, this study highlights the potential of non-thermal plasma as an innovative tool to improve plant resilience under saline conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/erag409","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T11:45:02Z","timestamp":1787226302000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["From plasma to protection: cold plasma-induced biochemical and anatomical responses in pea plants under salinity stress"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"given":"Svetlana","family":"Martinkov\u00e1","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University Bratislava , Ilkovi\u010dova 6, Mlynsk\u00e1 dolina, Bratislava 842 15 ,","place":["Slovakia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0089-3721","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monika","family":"Bathoova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University Bratislava , Ilkovi\u010dova 6, Mlynsk\u00e1 dolina, Bratislava 842 15 ,","place":["Slovakia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominika","family":"Haranzov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University Bratislava , Ilkovi\u010dova 6, Mlynsk\u00e1 dolina, Bratislava 842 15 ,","place":["Slovakia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6964-1680","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Petra","family":"Li\u010dkov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University Bratislava , Mlynsk\u00e1 dolina F1, Bratislava 842 48 ,","place":["Slovakia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0772-9385","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Zahoranov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University Bratislava , Mlynsk\u00e1 dolina F1, Bratislava 842 48 ,","place":["Slovakia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1014-4425","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ren\u00e1ta","family":"\u0160vubov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University Bratislava , Ilkovi\u010dova 6, Mlynsk\u00e1 dolina, Bratislava 842 15 ,","place":["Slovakia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026091004462490900_erag409-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2088","DOI":"10.3390\/plants10102088","article-title":"An application of cold atmospheric plasma to enhance physiological and biochemical traits of basil","volume":"10","author":"Abarghuei","year":"2021","journal-title":"Plants"},{"key":"2026091004462490900_erag409-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2016.00276","article-title":"High salinity induces different oxidative stress and antioxidant responses in maize seedlings organs","volume":"7","author":"AbdElgawad","year":"2016","journal-title":"Frontiers in Plant Science"},{"key":"2026091004462490900_erag409-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.2135\/cropsci1973.0011183X001300060013x","article-title":"Vigour determination in soybean seed by multiple criteria","volume":"13","author":"Abdul-Baki","year":"1973","journal-title":"Crop Science"},{"key":"2026091004462490900_erag409-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0322108","article-title":"Effects of cold plasma seed treatment on pea (Pisum sativum L.) plant performance under drought and well-watered conditions","volume":"20","author":"Abeysingha","year":"2025","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2026091004462490900_erag409-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.3390\/crops5060089","article-title":"Effect of cold plasma seed treatment on growth and nitrogen fixation traits in field pea (Pisum sativum L.) and soybean (Glycine max L.) under cold stress","volume":"5","author":"Abeysingha","year":"2025","journal-title":"Crops"},{"key":"2026091004462490900_erag409-B6","first-page":"407","article-title":"The effect of salinity on root architecture in forage pea (Pisum sativum ssp. arvense L.)","volume":"44","author":"Acikbas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Legume Research"},{"key":"2026091004462490900_erag409-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2020.06.003","article-title":"Cold plasma seed priming modulates growth, redox homeostasis and stress response by inducing reactive species in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)","volume":"156","author":"Adhikari","year":"2020","journal-title":"Free Radical Biology & Medicine"},{"key":"2026091004462490900_erag409-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1443","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.011114","article-title":"Salt stress inhibits the repair of photodamaged photosystem II by suppressing the transcription and translation of psbA genes in Synechocystis","volume":"130","author":"Allakhverdiev","year":"2002","journal-title":"Plant Physiology"},{"key":"2026091004462490900_erag409-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1331","DOI":"10.1093\/jexbot\/53.372.1331","article-title":"Role of superoxide dismutases (SODs) in controlling oxidative stress in plants","volume":"53","author":"Alscher","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Botany"},{"key":"2026091004462490900_erag409-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.113.228593","article-title":"Novel roles for the polyphenol oxidase enzyme in secondary metabolism and the regulation of cell death in walnut","volume":"164","author":"Araji","year":"2014","journal-title":"Plant Physiology"},{"key":"2026091004462490900_erag409-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envexpbot.2005.12.006","article-title":"Roles of glycine betaine and proline in improving plant abiotic stress resistance","volume":"59","author":"Ashraf","year":"2007","journal-title":"Environmental and Experimental Botany"},{"key":"2026091004462490900_erag409-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.69667\/rmj.25205","article-title":"Impact of salt stress on pea (Pisum sativum) physiological features in lab settings","volume":"1","author":"Atiyah","year":"2025","journal-title":"Razi Medical Journal"},{"key":"2026091004462490900_erag409-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2253","DOI":"10.3390\/plants12122253","article-title":"Plants\u2019 response mechanisms to salinity stress","volume":"12","author":"Balasubramaniam","year":"2023","journal-title":"Plants"},{"key":"2026091004462490900_erag409-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1101\/sqb.2012.77.014472","article-title":"Photosystem II: the water-splitting enzyme of photosynthesis","volume":"77","author":"Barber","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology"},{"key":"2026091004462490900_erag409-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(71)90370-8","article-title":"Superoxide dismutase: improved assays and an assay applicable to acrylamide gels","volume":"44","author":"Beauchamp","year":"1971","journal-title":"Analytical Biochemistry"},{"key":"2026091004462490900_erag409-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"944","DOI":"10.1105\/tpc.108.062158","article-title":"Mitogen-activated protein kinases 3 and 6 are required for full priming of stress responses in Arabidopsis thaliana","volume":"21","author":"Beckers","year":"2009","journal-title":"The Plant Cell"},{"key":"2026091004462490900_erag409-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/s13765-023-00852-9","article-title":"Non-thermal plasma enhances rice seed germination, seedling development, and root growth under low-temperature stress","volume":"67","author":"Bian","year":"2024","journal-title":"Applied Biological Chemistry"},{"key":"2026091004462490900_erag409-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1038\/srep00741","article-title":"Cold radiofrequency plasma treatment modifies wettability and germination speed of plant seeds","volume":"2","author":"Bormashenko","year":"2012","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"2026091004462490900_erag409-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(76)90527-3","article-title":"A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein\u2013dye binding","volume":"72","author":"Bradford","year":"1976","journal-title":"Analytical Biochemistry"},{"key":"2026091004462490900_erag409-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.3109\/10520299109110562","article-title":"Efficient lipid staining in plant material with Sudan red 7B or Fluoral yellow 088 in polyethylene glycol\u2013glycerol","volume":"66","author":"Brundrett","year":"1991","journal-title":"Biotechnic & Histochemistry"},{"key":"2026091004462490900_erag409-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22806","DOI":"10.1051\/epjap\/2009131","article-title":"Diffuse coplanar surface barrier discharge and its applications for in-line processing of low-added-value materials","volume":"47","author":"\u010cern\u00e1k","year":"2009","journal-title":"European Physical Journal Applied Physics"},{"key":"2026091004462490900_erag409-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/0741-3335\/53\/12\/124031","article-title":"Generation of a high-density highly non-equilibrium air plasma for high-speed large-area flat surface processing","volume":"53","author":"\u010cern\u00e1k","year":"2011","journal-title":"Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion"},{"key":"2026091004462490900_erag409-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.21769\/BioProtoc.1913","article-title":"Measurements of proline and malondialdehyde content and antioxidant enzyme activities in leaves of drought stressed cotton","volume":"6","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Bio-Protocol"},{"key":"2026091004462490900_erag409-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2017.08.007","article-title":"A review on recent advances in cold plasma technology for the food industry: current applications and future trends","volume":"69","author":"Chizoba Ekezie","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trends in Food Science & Technology"},{"key":"2026091004462490900_erag409-B25","first-page":"283","volume-title":"Handbook of methods for oxygen radical research","author":"Claiborne","year":"2018"},{"key":"2026091004462490900_erag409-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2024.1413653","article-title":"Nitric oxide signal is required for glutathione-induced enhancement of photosynthesis in salt-stressed Solanum lycopersicum L","volume":"15","author":"Cong","year":"2024","journal-title":"Frontiers in Plant Science"},{"key":"2026091004462490900_erag409-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.3389\/fenvs.2014.00053","article-title":"Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and response of antioxidants as ROS-scavengers during environmental stress in plants","volume":"2","author":"Das","year":"2014","journal-title":"Frontiers in Environmental Science"},{"key":"2026091004462490900_erag409-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1299","DOI":"10.1105\/tpc.109.071431","article-title":"Arrangement of photosystem II and ATP synthase in chloroplast membranes of spinach and pea","volume":"22","author":"Daum","year":"2010","journal-title":"The Plant Cell"},{"key":"2026091004462490900_erag409-B29","author":"FAO","year":"2024"},{"key":"2026091004462490900_erag409-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9848","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22189848","article-title":"Assessment of the role of PAL in lignin accumulation in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) at the early stage of ontogenesis","volume":"22","author":"Feduraev","year":"2021","journal-title":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences"},{"key":"2026091004462490900_erag409-B31","article-title":"Plasma seed treatment as a promising technique for seed germination improvement","author":"Filatova","year":"2013"},{"key":"2026091004462490900_erag409-B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2025.120598","article-title":"Seed pretreatment with cold plasma (dielectric barrier discharge) enhances silica nanoparticle absorption and mitigates salinity-induced damage of guar seedling","volume":"226","author":"Firouzkoohi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Industrial Crops and Products"},{"key":"2026091004462490900_erag409-B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0434.1970.tb02457.x","article-title":"Ver\u00e4nderungen der Aktivit\u00e4t einiger Enzyme im Weizenblatt in Abh\u00e4ngigkeit von der temperaturlabilen Vertr\u00e4glichkeit f\u00fcr Puccinia graminis tritici","volume":"67","author":"Fri\u010d","year":"1970","journal-title":"Journal of Phytopathology"},{"key":"2026091004462490900_erag409-B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2044","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2013.08.042","article-title":"Halotropism is a response of plant roots to avoid a saline environment","volume":"23","author":"Galvan-Ampudia","year":"2013","journal-title":"Current Biology"},{"key":"2026091004462490900_erag409-B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10813","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.9b03099","article-title":"Effect of dielectric barrier discharge cold plasma on pea seed growth","volume":"67","author":"Gao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry"},{"key":"2026091004462490900_erag409-B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/erh013","article-title":"Location and effects of long-term NaCl stress on superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase isoenzymes of pea (Pisum sativum cv. Puget) chloroplasts","volume":"55","author":"G\u00f3mez","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Botany"},{"key":"2026091004462490900_erag409-B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.3390\/horticulturae9030338","article-title":"In vitro screening for salinity tolerance in garden pea (Pisum sativum L.)","volume":"9","author":"Grozeva","year":"2023","journal-title":"Horticulturae"},{"key":"2026091004462490900_erag409-B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2023","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10082023","article-title":"Effects of salinity stress on chloroplast structure and function","volume":"10","author":"Hameed","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"2026091004462490900_erag409-B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9326","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22179326","article-title":"Regulation of reactive oxygen species and antioxidant defense in plants under salinity","volume":"22","author":"Hasanuzzaman","year":"2021","journal-title":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences"},{"key":"2026091004462490900_erag409-B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-3054.2002.1150211.x","article-title":"Short-term effects of salt stress on antioxidant systems and leaf water relations of pea leaves","volume":"115","author":"Hern\u00e1ndez","year":"2002","journal-title":"Physiologia Plantarum"},{"key":"2026091004462490900_erag409-B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.2135\/cropsci1997.0011183X003700030027x","article-title":"Antioxidant enzyme and compound responses to chilling stress and their combining abilities in differentially sensitive maize hybrids","volume":"37","author":"Hodges","year":"1997","journal-title":"Crop Science"},{"key":"2026091004462490900_erag409-B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9466","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21249466","article-title":"Non-thermal plasma\u2014a new green priming agent for plants?","volume":"21","author":"Holubov\u00e1","year":"2020","journal-title":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences"},{"key":"2026091004462490900_erag409-B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1195","DOI":"10.3732\/ajb.0900337","article-title":"Polyphenol oxidase activity in the roots of seedlings of Bromus and other grass genera","volume":"97","author":"Holzapfel","year":"2010","journal-title":"American Journal of Botany"},{"key":"2026091004462490900_erag409-B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2024.116821","article-title":"NaCl stress on physio-biochemical, phenolics synthesis and antioxidant system of pea (Pisum sativum L.) sprouts","volume":"210","author":"Huang","year":"2024","journal-title":"LWT\u2013Food Science and Technology"},{"key":"2026091004462490900_erag409-B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1007\/s11738-018-2730-8","article-title":"Cold plasma relieved toxicity signs of nano zinc oxide in Capsicum annuum cayenne via modifying growth, differentiation, and physiology","volume":"40","author":"Iranbakhsh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Physiologiae Plantarum"},{"key":"2026091004462490900_erag409-B46","article-title":"Effect of seed treatment by cold plasma on the resistance of tomato to Ralstonia solanacearum (bacterial wilt)","volume":"9","author":"Jiang","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2026091004462490900_erag409-B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1387","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.114.248963","article-title":"Capturing Arabidopsis root architecture dynamics with ROOT-FIT reveals diversity in responses to salinity","volume":"166","author":"Julkowska","year":"2014","journal-title":"Plant Physiology"},{"key":"2026091004462490900_erag409-B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1080\/00380768.2011.567398","article-title":"Effect of salinity and silicon on root characteristics, growth, water status, proline content and ion accumulation of purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.)","volume":"57","author":"Kafi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Soil Science and Plant Nutrition"},{"key":"2026091004462490900_erag409-B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.57.2.315","article-title":"Catalase, peroxidase and polyphenoloxidase activities during rice leaf senescence","volume":"57","author":"Kar","year":"1976","journal-title":"Plant Physiology"},{"key":"2026091004462490900_erag409-B50","first-page":"93","article-title":"Quantitative Untersuchungen \u00fcber die Ern\u00e4hrungsprozesse der Pflanzen","volume":"7","author":"Knop","year":"1865","journal-title":"Landwirtschaftliche Versuchsstationen"},{"key":"2026091004462490900_erag409-B51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1007\/s00425-009-0930-6","article-title":"The role of root apoplastic transport barriers in salt tolerance of rice (Oryza sativa L.)","volume":"230","author":"Krishnamurthy","year":"2009","journal-title":"Planta"},{"key":"2026091004462490900_erag409-B52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.21769\/BioProtoc.4531","article-title":"Measurement of ascorbate peroxidase activity in sorghum","volume":"12","author":"Kumar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bio-Protocol"},{"key":"2026091004462490900_erag409-B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1007\/s11090-018-9951-x","article-title":"Cold atmospheric pressure plasma can induce adaptive response in pea seeds","volume":"39","author":"Kyzek","year":"2019","journal-title":"Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing"},{"key":"2026091004462490900_erag409-B54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2021.06.011","article-title":"Cold plasma seed treatment improves chilling resistance of tomato plants through hydrogen peroxide and abscisic acid signaling pathway","volume":"172","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Free Radical Biology & Medicine"},{"key":"2026091004462490900_erag409-B55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2025.120899","article-title":"Seed priming with cold plasma mitigated the negative influence of drought stress on growth and yield of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)","volume":"228","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Industrial Crops and Products"},{"key":"2026091004462490900_erag409-B56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9157","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25179157","article-title":"Transcriptomic and hormonal changes in wheat roots enhance growth under moderate soil drying","volume":"25","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences"},{"key":"2026091004462490900_erag409-B57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1016\/0076-6879(87)48036-1","article-title":"Chlorophylls and carotenoids: pigments of photosynthetic biomembranes","volume":"148","author":"Lichtenthaler","year":"1987","journal-title":"Methods in Enzymology"},{"key":"2026091004462490900_erag409-B58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2979","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/erq125","article-title":"H2O2 mediates the regulation of ABA catabolism and GA biosynthesis in Arabidopsis seed dormancy and germination","volume":"61","author":"Liu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Botany"},{"key":"2026091004462490900_erag409-B59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1283","DOI":"10.3390\/plants12061283","article-title":"Salt stress inhibits photosynthesis and destroys chloroplast structure by downregulating chloroplast development-related genes in Robinia pseudoacacia seedlings","volume":"12","author":"Lu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Plants"},{"key":"2026091004462490900_erag409-B60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1007\/s11099-009-0059-7","article-title":"Photosynthetic response of salt-tolerant and sensitive soybean varieties","volume":"47","author":"Lu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Photosynthetica"},{"key":"2026091004462490900_erag409-B61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1007\/s13205-019-1822-5","article-title":"Differential physiology and expression of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and universal stress protein (USP) in the endangered species Astragalus fridae following seed priming with cold plasma and manipulation of culture medium with silica nanoparticles","volume":"9","author":"Moghanloo","year":"2019","journal-title":"3 Biotech"},{"key":"2026091004462490900_erag409-B62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.3390\/ijpb16030104","article-title":"Comparative analysis of plasma technologies for plant growth enhancement and microbial control: a systematic optimization study","volume":"16","author":"Mohan","year":"2025","journal-title":"International Journal of Plant Biology"},{"key":"2026091004462490900_erag409-B63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/aobpla\/plab034","article-title":"Evaluating the contribution of osmotic and oxidative stress components on barley growth under salt stress","volume":"13","author":"Nefissi Ouertani","year":"2021","journal-title":"AoB Plants"},{"key":"2026091004462490900_erag409-B64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1618","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox12081618","article-title":"Salt stress-induced modulation of porphyrin biosynthesis, photoprotection, and antioxidant properties in rice plants (Oryza sativa)","volume":"12","author":"Nguyen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"key":"2026091004462490900_erag409-B65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3499","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/ert221","article-title":"From Zinnia to Arabidopsis: approaching the involvement of peroxidases in lignification","volume":"64","author":"Novo-Uzal","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Botany"},{"key":"2026091004462490900_erag409-B66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1080\/10715762.2025.2544800","article-title":"Low-temperature plasma modulates seed germination through reactive oxygen species in dose-dependent manner","volume":"59","author":"Park","year":"2025","journal-title":"Free Radical Research"},{"key":"2026091004462490900_erag409-B67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envexpbot.2012.02.013","article-title":"Primed plants do not forget","volume":"94","author":"Pastor","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environmental and Experimental Botany"},{"key":"2026091004462490900_erag409-B68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envexpbot.2024.105876","article-title":"Salt stress alters root meristem definition, vascular differentiation and metabolome in Sorghum bicolor (L.) genotypes","volume":"226","author":"Peduzzi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environmental and Experimental Botany"},{"key":"2026091004462490900_erag409-B69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sajb.2021.06.025","article-title":"Stimulating effects of cold plasma seed priming on germination and seedling growth of cumin plant","volume":"142","author":"Rasooli","year":"2021","journal-title":"South African Journal of Botany"},{"key":"2026091004462490900_erag409-B70","first-page":"1889","article-title":"Improvement of photosynthesis and photosynthetic productivity of winter wheat by cold plasma treatment under haze condition","volume":"21","author":"Saberi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology"},{"key":"2026091004462490900_erag409-B71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2016.12.026","article-title":"Influence of cold plasma on the enzymatic activity in germinating mung beans (Vigna radiata)","volume":"78","author":"Sadhu","year":"2017","journal-title":"LWT\u2013Food Science and Technology"},{"key":"2026091004462490900_erag409-B72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1007\/s00425-004-1350-2","article-title":"Salt stress enhances xylem development and expression of S-adenosyl-L-methionine synthase in lignifying tissues of tomato plants","volume":"220","author":"S\u00e1nchez-Aguayo","year":"2004","journal-title":"Planta"},{"key":"2026091004462490900_erag409-B73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20322","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-05498-9","article-title":"Utilization of plasma as an ameliorator for forage productivity and in vitro traits of cowpea cultivated in salty soil","volume":"15","author":"Saudy","year":"2025","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"2026091004462490900_erag409-B74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1186\/s12896-024-00921-x","article-title":"Evaluating the impact of cold plasma on seedling growth properties, seed germination, and soybean antioxidant enzyme activity","volume":"24","author":"Sayahi","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Biotechnology"},{"key":"2026091004462490900_erag409-B75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1007\/s00344-019-09965-2","article-title":"Seed priming with cold plasma and multi-walled carbon nanotubes modified growth, tissue differentiation, anatomy, and yield in bitter melon (Momordica charantia)","volume":"39","author":"Seddighinia","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Plant Growth Regulation"},{"key":"2026091004462490900_erag409-B76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26250","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-11637-z","article-title":"Cold plasma technology as a pre-treatment for seed priming enhances germination and reduces salinity stress in Prosopis koelziana","volume":"15","author":"Shahabi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"2026091004462490900_erag409-B77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/217037","article-title":"Reactive oxygen species, oxidative damage, and antioxidative defense mechanism in plants under stressful conditions","volume":"2012","author":"Sharma","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Botany"},{"key":"2026091004462490900_erag409-B78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1007\/s00709-018-1279-0","article-title":"Cold plasma treatment and exogenous salicylic acid priming enhances salinity tolerance of Oryza sativa seedlings","volume":"256","author":"Sheteiwy","year":"2019","journal-title":"Protoplasma"},{"key":"2026091004462490900_erag409-B79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ifset.2025.104385","article-title":"Effect of cold atmospheric pressure plasma treatment on germination, growth, and surface properties of pea seeds: a scalability and energy efficiency analysis of DCSBD plasma systems","volume":"107","author":"\u0160r\u00e1mkov\u00e1","year":"2026","journal-title":"Innovative Food Science & Emerging Technologies"},{"key":"2026091004462490900_erag409-B80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fenvs.2021.712831","article-title":"Soil salinity and sodicity in drylands: a review of causes, effects, monitoring, and restoration measures","volume":"9","author":"Stavi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Frontiers in Environmental Science"},{"key":"2026091004462490900_erag409-B81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.3390\/plants13071025","article-title":"Changes in photosystem II complex and physiological activities in pea and maize plants in response to salt stress","volume":"13","author":"Stefanov","year":"2024","journal-title":"Plants"},{"key":"2026091004462490900_erag409-B82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/ppap.201700076","article-title":"Atmospheric pressure plasma treatment of agricultural seeds of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) and pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) with effect on reduction of diseases and germination improvement","volume":"15","author":"\u0160t\u011bp\u00e1nov\u00e1","year":"2018","journal-title":"Plasma Processes and Polymers"},{"key":"2026091004462490900_erag409-B83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1186\/s12870-024-04961-5","article-title":"Cold atmospheric plasma enhances morphological and biochemical attributes of tomato seedlings","volume":"24","author":"Sultan","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Plant Biology"},{"key":"2026091004462490900_erag409-B84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1221","DOI":"10.1007\/s11090-020-10089-9","article-title":"Novel insight at the effect of cold atmospheric pressure plasma on the activity of enzymes essential for the germination of pea (Pisum sativum L. cv. Prophet). seeds","volume":"40","author":"\u0160vubov\u00e1","year":"2020","journal-title":"Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing"},{"key":"2026091004462490900_erag409-B85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.3390\/plants10010177","article-title":"Evaluation of the impact of cold atmospheric pressure plasma on soybean seed germination","volume":"10","author":"\u0160vubov\u00e1","year":"2021","journal-title":"Plants"},{"key":"2026091004462490900_erag409-B86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1007\/s11090-021-10160-z","article-title":"Enhanced in situ activity of peroxidases and lignification of root tissues after exposure to non-thermal plasma increases the resistance of pea seedlings","volume":"41","author":"\u0160vubov\u00e1","year":"2021","journal-title":"Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing"},{"key":"2026091004462490900_erag409-B87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tplants.2009.11.009","article-title":"Proline: a multifunctional amino acid","volume":"15","author":"Szabados","year":"2010","journal-title":"Trends in Plant Science"},{"key":"2026091004462490900_erag409-B88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6463\/ae2ae6","article-title":"Treatment of sunflower seeds by cold atmospheric plasma enhances their tolerance to water stress during germination and early seedling development","volume":"59","author":"Taras","year":"2026","journal-title":"Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics"},{"key":"2026091004462490900_erag409-B89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1205","DOI":"10.12944\/CARJ.12.3.15","article-title":"Enhancement of maize (Zea mays var. GS-2) plant growth and yield: seed treatment with non-thermal plasma using different gases","volume":"12","author":"Viliya","year":"2025","journal-title":"Current Agriculture Research Journal"},{"key":"2026091004462490900_erag409-B90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioelechem.2019.04.012","article-title":"Cold plasma poration and corrugation of pumpkin seed coats","volume":"128","author":"Volkov","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bioelectrochemistry"},{"key":"2026091004462490900_erag409-B91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1929","DOI":"10.3390\/life12111929","article-title":"Effects of salt stress on the antioxidant activity and malondialdehyde, soluble protein, proline, and chlorophyll contents of three Malus species","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Life"},{"key":"2026091004462490900_erag409-B92","article-title":"Photosynthetic carbon fixation and sucrose metabolism supplemented by weighted gene co-expression network analysis in response to water stress in rice with overlapping growth stages","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Frontiers in Plant Science"},{"key":"2026091004462490900_erag409-B93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1637","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jplph.2009.04.009","article-title":"Auxin redistribution modulates plastic development of root system architecture under salt stress in Arabidopsis thaliana","volume":"166","author":"Wang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Plant Physiology"},{"key":"2026091004462490900_erag409-B94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1548","DOI":"10.3390\/w11081548","article-title":"Effects of irrigation water salinity on soil properties, N2O emission and yield of spring maize under mulched drip irrigation","volume":"11","author":"Wei","year":"2019","journal-title":"Water"},{"key":"2026091004462490900_erag409-B95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-801365-6.00003-2","volume-title":"Cold plasma in food and agriculture","author":"Whitehead","year":"2016"},{"key":"2026091004462490900_erag409-B96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1186\/s12953-017-0127-z","article-title":"Proteomic analysis of early salt stress responsive proteins in alfalfa roots and shoots","volume":"15","author":"Xiong","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proteome Science"},{"key":"2026091004462490900_erag409-B97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plaphy.2022.03.003","article-title":"Regulation of photosynthesis under salt stress and associated tolerance mechanisms","volume":"178","author":"Zahra","year":"2022","journal-title":"Plant Physiology and Biochemistry"},{"key":"2026091004462490900_erag409-B98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-96190-3","volume-title":"Guideline for salinity assessment, mitigation and adaptation using nuclear and related techniques","author":"Zaman","year":"2018"},{"key":"2026091004462490900_erag409-B99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/pld3.315","article-title":"Root vacuolar sequestration and suberization are prominent responses of Pistacia spp. rootstocks during salinity stress","volume":"5","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Plant Direct"},{"key":"2026091004462490900_erag409-B100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2158","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28052158","article-title":"Recent advances of polyphenol oxidases in plants","volume":"28","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"2026091004462490900_erag409-B101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1038\/s41438-020-00451-5","article-title":"Lignin provides mechanical support to herbaceous peony (Paeonia lactiflora Pall.) stems","volume":"7","author":"Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Horticulture Research"},{"key":"2026091004462490900_erag409-B102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/erp290","article-title":"Mild salinity stimulates a stress-induced morphogenic response in Arabidopsis thaliana roots","volume":"61","author":"Zolla","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Botany"},{"key":"2026091004462490900_erag409-B103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1111\/pce.14205","article-title":"Root dynamic growth strategies in response to salinity","volume":"45","author":"Zou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Plant, Cell & Environment"}],"container-title":["Journal of Experimental Botany"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jxb\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/jxb\/erag409\/70974933\/erag409.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jxb\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/jxb\/erag409\/70974933\/erag409.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T08:46:43Z","timestamp":1789030003000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jxb\/advance-article\/doi\/10.1093\/jxb\/erag409\/8786445"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Karl-Josef","family":"Dietz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bielefeld University ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]]},"references-count":103,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jxb\/erag409","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-0957","1460-2431"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-0957","type":"print"},{"value":"1460-2431","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]]},"article-number":"erag409"}}