{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T06:50:04Z","timestamp":1791528604953,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":117,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787788800000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001782","name":"University of Melbourne","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001782","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000980","name":"Grains Research and Development Corporation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UOM2305-001RSX"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UOM2305-001RSX"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000980","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"InterGrain Pty Ltd"},{"name":"South Australian Grains Industry Trust","award":["UA619"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UA619"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01ebwt107","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"South Australian Grains Industry Trust","award":["UA721"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UA721"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01ebwt107","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Structural failure of cereal stems during late-season climate extremes is a critical determinant of yield stability. In barley, breakage of the stem below the spike, known as head loss, results in significant yield losses, particularly in hot, dry regions where the crop is widely grown. Despite a predicted increase in the risk of head loss due to global warming, our current understanding of the genetic, physiological, anatomical, and environmental factors that govern head loss remains limited. Overcoming these knowledge gaps is essential to providing a systems-level strategy for barley breeders to develop climate-ready cultivars that are resilient to stem breakage and suitable for industry adoption. Here, we review current knowledge and highlight opportunities for innovation to mitigate head loss through interdisciplinary approaches that combine precise phenotyping via mechanical testing of stem strength and flexibility, high-throughput phenotyping via drone-based spike counting, and genetic modification strategies informed by studies on hormonal regulation and cell wall composition. Coupled with genotypic data, these efforts will enable the development of a genomic selection platform to facilitate future breeding programs. The framework and tools discussed here are broadly applicable to improving stem resilience in other cereal crops.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/erag415","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T20:38:16Z","timestamp":1787863096000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Structural failure in cereal stems under climate extremes: insights from barley head loss"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6444-7106","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nirmal Raj","family":"Rajendran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Melbourne , Parkville, Victoria ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4663-985X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark Timothy","family":"Rabanus-Wallace","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Melbourne , Parkville, Victoria ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinghan","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering, University of Melbourne , Parkville, Victoria ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4703-3494","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Geoffrey B","family":"Fincher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide , Urrbrae, South Australia ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0825-1296","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caterina","family":"Selva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide , Urrbrae, South Australia ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4661-6700","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew R","family":"Tucker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide , Urrbrae, South Australia ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Hunt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Melbourne , Parkville, Victoria ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Moody","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"InterGrain Pty Ltd. , Bibra Lake, Western Australia ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4337-3600","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad","family":"Pourkheirandish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Melbourne , Parkville, Victoria ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026100902013168100_erag415-B1","first-page":"113","volume-title":"Advances in botanical research","author":"Alber","year":"2012"},{"key":"2026100902013168100_erag415-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1186\/s13007-017-0250-y","article-title":"Measuring the compressive modulus of elasticity of pith-filled plant stems","volume":"13","author":"Al-Zube","year":"2017","journal-title":"Plant Methods"},{"key":"2026100902013168100_erag415-B3","first-page":"273","article-title":"Wind and sandblast damage to growing vegetation","volume":"39","author":"Armbrust","year":"2000","journal-title":"Annals of Arid Zone"},{"key":"2026100902013168100_erag415-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1297","DOI":"10.2134\/agronj2009.0052","article-title":"Sand abrasion injury and biomass partitioning in cotton seedlings","volume":"101","author":"Baker","year":"2009","journal-title":"Agronomy Journal"},{"key":"2026100902013168100_erag415-B5","first-page":"1","article-title":"Brown-midrib genes in maize and their efficiency in dairy cow feeding. 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