{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T14:01:58Z","timestamp":1791295318742,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32372758"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32372758"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U21A2023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U21A2023"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32072621"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32072621"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Tea plants are typical aluminum hyperaccumulators, characterized by high aluminum accumulation in roots and old leaves. However, the systematic mechanisms underlying aluminum uptake and translocation in tea plants remain largely unclear. Here, we characterized the functions of the ABC (ATP binding cassette) transporter CsALS3s (Al-sensitive 3) and their regulating transcription factor CsART1 (aluminum resistance transcription factor 1) in the process of aluminum tolerance in tea plants. Two ABC transporter genes, CsALS3.1 and CsALS3.2, were identified via bioinformatic and expression analyses. Transcriptomic and qRT\u2013PCR assays showed that CsALS3.1 and CsALS3.2 were highly expressed in mature leaves and roots, respectively, and specifically induced by aluminum, but not by other metal ions. Sub-cellular localization revealed that CsALS3.1 was targeted to the tonoplast, whereas CsALS3.2 was localized to the plasma membrane. Heterologous overexpression of CsALS3s significantly enhanced aluminum tolerance of Arabidopsis. Transient overexpression in tea leaves elevated aluminum concentration in the symplast but reduced it in the apoplast. When CsALS3s were stably overexpressed in roots of tea seedlings, aluminum content in the transgenic roots was significantly increased, proving that CsALS3s mediate aluminum uptake and transport. Promoter analysis identified aluminum-responsive cis-elements in CsALS3 promoters, and dual\u2013luciferase and yeast one\u2013hybrid assays confirmed that CsALS3s are transcriptionally activated by CsART1. Overexpression of CsART1 in Arabidopsis and tea plants improved aluminum tolerance and root aluminum accumulation, respectively. This study reveals that the transcription factor CsART1 activates CsALS3s to promote aluminum uptake and transport in tea plants, providing a molecular basis for elucidating aluminum tolerance and its hyperaccumulation in tea plants.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/erag435","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T08:10:23Z","timestamp":1788250223000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The transcription factor CsART1 activates the aluminum transporter CsALS3s to promote the absorption and tolerance of aluminum in tea plants"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"given":"Xiu","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Germplasm Innovation and Resource Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei, Anhui 230036 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenzhuo","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Germplasm Innovation and Resource Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei, Anhui 230036 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheng","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Germplasm Innovation and Resource Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei, Anhui 230036 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tiantian","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Germplasm Innovation and Resource Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei, Anhui 230036 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhicheng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Germplasm Innovation and Resource Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei, Anhui 230036 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Germplasm Innovation and Resource Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei, Anhui 230036 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5109-8285","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liping","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei, Anhui 230036 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3940-688X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tao","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Germplasm Innovation and Resource Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei, Anhui 230036 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