{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T13:47:53Z","timestamp":1792072073996,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788825600000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Science and Technology Council","award":["NSTC 114-2311-B-006-003-MY3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSTC 114-2311-B-006-003-MY3"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Flooding-induced hypoxia severely limits crop productivity, and group VII ethylene response factors (ERFVIIs) function as central transcriptional regulators of physiological and transcriptional acclimation to hypoxia. In rice, the ERFVII transcription factor SUBMERGENCE1A-1 (SUB1A-1) confers strong submergence tolerance. It displays unusually high steady-state protein levels and reduced sensitivity to oxygen-dependent turnover despite retaining a canonical N-terminal degron motif that promotes rapid turnover of other ERFVIIs under normoxia. However, the basis of this remains incompletely resolved. Here, we investigate structural and regulatory features associated with SUB1A-1 accumulation using ex vivo protein accumulation assays, domain-truncation analyses, biophysical characterization, and promoter-activity assays. We show that the C-terminal region of SUB1A-1, especially Gly256 to Ala281, is associated with increased steady-state protein levels, and that its removal is associated with reduced accumulation and effects consistent with increased turnover. Full-length SUB1A-1 forms higher-order assemblies, and size-exclusion chromatography shows that removal of the C-terminal region yields a smaller species. In addition, SUB1A-1-dependent transcriptional activation requires clustered GCC-box motifs within target promoters, indicating that promoter context strongly influences the regulatory outcome. Notably, the GCC1-box motifs most relevant to SUB1A-1 activity coincide with HRPE-like sequence motifs, suggesting that the local promoter sequence context might further shape SUB1A-1-dependent activation. Taken together, these results indicate that elevated accumulation of SUB1A-1 correlates with C-terminal-associated assembly behavior and promoter-associated regulatory features. We propose that these properties might reduce functional accessibility to N-degron pathway components, providing a framework for understanding how SUB1A-1 is structurally and functionally configured to support transcriptional regulation under submergence and other energy-limiting conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/erag441","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,6]],"date-time":"2026-09-06T11:19:57Z","timestamp":1788693597000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Structural and regulatory features associated with elevated accumulation of the rice ethylene response factor VII transcription factor SUBMERGENCE1A-1"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5424-4524","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meng-Chiao","family":"Ho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica , Taipei 11529 ,","place":["Taiwan"]},{"name":"Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University , Taipei 10617 ,","place":["Taiwan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9566-2952","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Choun-Sea","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica , Taipei 11529 ,","place":["Taiwan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7590-793X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ming-Che","family":"Shih","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica , Taipei 11529 ,","place":["Taiwan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7972-6810","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chih-Cheng","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Translational Agricultural Sciences, National Cheng Kung University and Academia Sinica , Tainan 70101 ,","place":["Taiwan"]},{"name":"Institute of Tropical Plant Sciences and Microbiology, National Cheng Kung University , Tainan 70101 ,","place":["Taiwan"]},{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University , Tainan 70101 ,","place":["Taiwan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026101509113970900_erag441-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5484","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/17.18.5484","article-title":"A novel mode of DNA recognition by a \u03b2-sheet revealed by the solution structure of the GCC-box binding domain in complex with DNA","volume":"17","author":"Allen","year":"1998","journal-title":"The EMBO Journal"},{"key":"2026101509113970900_erag441-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1007\/s11103-020-01052-5","article-title":"Structural insights into Arabidopsis ethylene response factor 96 with an extended N-terminal binding to GCC box","volume":"104","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Plant Molecular Biology"},{"key":"2026101509113970900_erag441-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2021","DOI":"10.1105\/tpc.106.043000","article-title":"A variable cluster of ethylene response factor-like genes regulates metabolic and developmental acclimation responses to submergence in rice","volume":"18","author":"Fukao","year":"2006","journal-title":"The Plant Cell"},{"key":"2026101509113970900_erag441-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16814","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0807821105","article-title":"Submergence tolerance conferred by Sub1A is mediated by SLR1 and SLRL1 restriction of gibberellin responses in rice","volume":"105","author":"Fukao","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA"},{"key":"2026101509113970900_erag441-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1105\/tpc.110.080325","article-title":"The submergence tolerance regulator SUB1A mediates crosstalk between submergence and drought tolerance in rice","volume":"23","author":"Fukao","year":"2011","journal-title":"The Plant Cell"},{"key":"2026101509113970900_erag441-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1795","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.112.207738","article-title":"The submergence tolerance gene SUB1A delays leaf senescence under prolonged darkness through hormonal regulation in rice","volume":"160","author":"Fukao","year":"2012","journal-title":"Plant Physiology"},{"key":"2026101509113970900_erag441-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1105\/tpc.15.00866","article-title":"Redundant ERF-VII transcription factors bind to an evolutionarily conserved cis-motif to regulate hypoxia-responsive gene expression in 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factors","volume":"152","author":"Jung","year":"2010","journal-title":"Plant Physiology"},{"key":"2026101509113970900_erag441-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10536","article-title":"Oxygen sensing in plants is mediated by an N-end rule pathway for protein destabilization","volume":"479","author":"Licausi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026101509113970900_erag441-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3300","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1818507116","article-title":"Regulatory cascade involving transcriptional and N-end rule pathways in rice under submergence","volume":"116","author":"Lin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA"},{"key":"2026101509113970900_erag441-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/pnasnexus\/pgad229","article-title":"SUB1A-1 anchors a regulatory cascade for epigenetic and transcriptional controls of submergence tolerance in 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