{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T07:49:45Z","timestamp":1791532185420,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":172,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788912000000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012264","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R35GM161337"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R35GM161337"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012264","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Ethylene (ET) functions as a central integrator of plant responses to drought and heat stress by linking hormone signaling, metabolism, and chromatin regulation. Its biosynthesis and perception are tightly controlled through ACC synthase\/oxidase activity and ER-localized receptors that regulate the ETR-CTR1-EIN2-EIN3 signaling cascade. Under drought, ethylene modulates growth restraint, root architecture, and stomatal behavior, often coordinating with or opposing ABA to balance water conservation and carbon assimilation. Soil drying and compaction further influence ethylene diffusion, shaping local hormone signaling and root growth responses. Under heat stress, ethylene promotes thermotolerance by enhancing ROS buffering, activating HSF-HSP pathways, and stabilizing cellular homeostasis. These contrasting roles reflect distinct physiological priorities: drought emphasizes water economy, whereas heat prioritizes proteostasis and survival. Ethylene\u2019s effects are therefore highly context-dependent, governed by stress intensity, tissue specificity, and developmental stage. Effective crop improvement strategies should focus on tuning ethylene sensitivity and downstream transcriptional modules rather than globally suppressing ethylene signaling, enabling optimized resilience to combined climate stresses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/erag447","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T10:11:27Z","timestamp":1788948687000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Ethylene as a systems-level integrator of plant responses to drought and heat stress"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3359-1962","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hong","family":"Qiao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, TX 78712 ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, TX 78712 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026100903063266700_erag447-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.76.1.170","article-title":"Ethylene biosynthesis: identification of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid as an intermediate in the conversion of methionine to ethylene","volume":"76","author":"Adams","year":"1979","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA"},{"key":"2026100903063266700_erag447-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1038\/s43016-020-00148-x","article-title":"Impacts of rising temperatures and farm management practices on global yields of 18 crops","volume":"1","author":"Agnolucci","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature Food"},{"key":"2026100903063266700_erag447-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/tpj.70423","article-title":"Ethylene antagonizes ABA 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