{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T08:33:19Z","timestamp":1793349199652,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791590400000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004442","name":"National Science Centre, Poland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004442","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"OPUS-19","award":["2020\/37\/B\/NZ9\/01499"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020\/37\/B\/NZ9\/01499"]}]},{"name":"SONATA BIS 10","award":["2020\/38\/E\/NZ9\/00033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020\/38\/E\/NZ9\/00033"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Tartary buckwheat (F. tataricum) is a climate-resilient pseudocereal, yet its global adoption is constrained by its bitter seeds. Here, we employed the CRISPR\/Cas9 system to disrupt the rutin-degrading enzyme 2 gene (FtRDE2), which encodes an enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of rutin to quercetin, a major contributor to bitterness. Two independent ftrde2 mutant lines showed no detectable rutinosidase activity: mutant seed extracts maintained stable rutin levels and lacked the rapid accumulation of quercetin observed in wild-type controls. Consistent with these biochemical changes, sensory evaluation showed that wild-type flour was consistently identified as more bitter than flour from either ftrde2 mutant line. These results provide direct genetic evidence that FtRDE2 is a major determinant of rutinosidase-dependent seed bitterness and demonstrate the potential of genome editing to reduce bitterness in Tartary buckwheat.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/erag506","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T11:47:55Z","timestamp":1791546475000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Genome editing of the rutin-degrading enzyme gene\n                    <i>FtRDE2<\/i>\n                    reduces seed bitterness in Tartary buckwheat"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2616-9539","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Artur","family":"Pinski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice , Katowice 40-007 ,","place":["Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6107-5717","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Magdalena","family":"Zaranek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Cytology and Embryology, Institute of Botany, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University in Krak\u00f3w , Gronostajowa 3, Krak\u00f3w 30-387 ,","place":["Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4952-7423","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joanna","family":"Lusinska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice , Katowice 40-007 ,","place":["Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0008-4860","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Przemyslaw","family":"Kopec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Franciszek G\u00f3rski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences , Niezapominajek 21, Krak\u00f3w 30-239 ,","place":["Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2119-5890","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Plazek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Breeding, Physiology and Seed Science, University of Agriculture , Podluzna 3, Krak\u00f3w 30-239 ,","place":["Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9279-4500","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paulina","family":"Pajak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Analysis and Evaluation of Food Quality, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture , Balicka Str. 122, Krak\u00f3w 30-149 ,","place":["Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8507-8928","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Przemyslaw","family":"Petryszak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow , Ave. Mickiewicza 21, Krak\u00f3w 31-120 ,","place":["Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8298-9419","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Kostecka-Gugala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow , Ave. Mickiewicza 21, Krak\u00f3w 31-120 ,","place":["Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5175-3684","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meiliang","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100081 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6146-1669","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander","family":"Betekhtin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice , Katowice 40-007 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off-target sites of Cas9 RNA-guided endonucleases","volume":"30","author":"Bae","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"2026103004033243200_erag506-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19040","DOI":"10.4238\/2015.December.29.11","article-title":"Rutin, quercetin, and free amino acid analysis in buckwheat (Fagopyrum) seeds from different locations","volume":"14","author":"Bai","year":"2015","journal-title":"Genetics and Molecular Research"},{"key":"2026103004033243200_erag506-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0173537","article-title":"Nuclear genome stability in long-term cultivated callus lines of Fagopyrum tataricum (L.) Gaertn","volume":"12","author":"Betekhtin","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2026103004033243200_erag506-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plantsci.2021.110904","article-title":"In through the out door: biochemical mechanisms affecting flavonoid glycoside catabolism in plants","volume":"308","author":"Bozzo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Plant Science"},{"key":"2026103004033243200_erag506-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W324","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkae300","article-title":"SwissDock 2024: major enhancements for small-molecule docking with attracting cavities and AutoDock Vina","volume":"52","author":"Bugnon","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Research"},{"key":"2026103004033243200_erag506-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2025.105359","article-title":"Across the ages: buckwheat meets era-specific needs","volume":"166","author":"Ding","year":"2025","journal-title":"Trends in Food Science & 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