{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T13:51:47Z","timestamp":1791899507785,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791849600000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Furofuran lignans are the primary insecticidal and medicinal bioactive compounds in Phryma leptostachya, yet their species-specific biosynthetic pathways remain incompletely deciphered. We established a Tobacco rattle virus-based virus-induced gene silencing system, identifying vacuum-assisted infiltration of Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain GV3101 at the four-leaf stage as the optimal inoculation condition. Silencing the PlCYP81Q38 gene via this system markedly decreased root accumulation of sesamin and 6-demethoxyleptostachyol acetate. Combined transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses revealed that PlCYP81Q38-silenced plants exhibited upregulated phenylpropanoid pathway genes, including phenylalanine ammonia lyase, cinnamoyl-CoA reductase (CCR), and dirigent protein 1, alongside elevated levels of lignan precursors (coniferyl alcohol, (+)-pinoresinol). Within this pathway, CCR enzymes catalyze hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA substrates across multiple branches. We characterized the PlCCR family and confirmed that PlCCR4 acts as a dedicated catalytic enzyme for lignan biosynthesis. It exhibited the highest in vitro catalytic efficiency for feruloyl-CoA (Kcat\/Km = 244.90 min-1\/nM) and was essential for lignan biosynthesis in vivo. Its homolog PlCCR5 exhibited significantly lower efficiency; homology modeling and molecular docking indicated that an Asp64-to-Glu64 substitution in the NADPH-binding region may alter the cofactor microenvironment, plausibly reducing its activity. This study identifies PlCCR4 as an important upstream enzyme, providing a valuable genetic target for engineering sustainable production of bioactive lignan insecticides.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/erag513","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T11:38:17Z","timestamp":1791718697000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["TRV-VIGS establishment and functional characterization identify cinnamoyl-CoA reductase 4 as a crucial enzyme for lignan biosynthesis in\n                    <i>Phryma leptostachya<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"given":"Yakun","family":"Pei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University , Yangling 712100, Shaanxi ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Key Laboratory for Botanical Pesticide R&D of Shaanxi Province , Yangling 712100, Shaanxi ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chenglin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University , Yangling 712100, Shaanxi ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Key Laboratory for Botanical Pesticide R&D of Shaanxi Province , Yangling 712100, Shaanxi ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haoyu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University , Yangling 712100, Shaanxi ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Key Laboratory for Botanical Pesticide R&D of Shaanxi Province , Yangling 712100, Shaanxi ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bingfei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University , Yangling 712100, Shaanxi ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Key Laboratory for Botanical Pesticide R&D of Shaanxi Province , Yangling 712100, Shaanxi ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qingqing","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University , Yangling 712100, Shaanxi ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Key Laboratory for Botanical Pesticide R&D of Shaanxi Province , Yangling 712100, Shaanxi ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhebin","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University , Yangling 712100, Shaanxi ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Key Laboratory for Botanical Pesticide R&D of Shaanxi Province , Yangling 712100, Shaanxi ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenwen","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University , Yangling 712100, Shaanxi ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Key Laboratory for Botanical Pesticide R&D of Shaanxi Province , Yangling 712100, Shaanxi ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiangchenxi","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University , Yangling 712100, Shaanxi ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Key Laboratory for Botanical Pesticide R&D of Shaanxi Province , Yangling 712100, Shaanxi ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenjun","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Botanical Pesticide R&D of Shaanxi Province , Yangling 712100, Shaanxi ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yayun","family":"Zuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University , Yangling 712100, Shaanxi ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University , Yangling 712100, Shaanxi ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8091-7630","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhaonong","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University , Yangling 712100, Shaanxi ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Key Laboratory for Botanical Pesticide R&D of Shaanxi Province , Yangling 712100, Shaanxi ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]]},"container-title":["Journal of Experimental Botany"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jxb\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/jxb\/erag513\/71908277\/erag513.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jxb\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/jxb\/erag513\/71908277\/erag513.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T13:21:00Z","timestamp":1791897660000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jxb\/advance-article\/doi\/10.1093\/jxb\/erag513\/8914397"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jxb\/erag513","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-0957","1460-2431"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-0957","type":"print"},{"value":"1460-2431","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]]},"article-number":"erag513"}}