{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T17:04:42Z","timestamp":1784567082443,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,7]],"date-time":"2020-11-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604707200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81773444"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81773444"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Hubei Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2019CFC846"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019CFC846"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate the potential diagnostic value of growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) alone and its combination with protein induced by vitamin K absence-II (PIVKA-II) and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) for hepatitis B virus (HBV)-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Serum levels of GDF15, PIVKA-II, and AFP were measured in 110 patients with HBV-associated HCC, 70 patients with HBV-related liver cirrhosis (LC), 70 patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB), and 110 healthy patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Serum GDF15 was positively related to the levels of PIVKA-II and AFP in patients with HCC (r = 0.352 and r = 0.378; all P &amp;lt;.0001). When the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted for patients with HCC vs all control patients, serum GDF15 had diagnostic parameters of an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.693, a sensitivity of 67.30%, and a specificity of 66.70%, which were lower than parameters for PIVKA-II and AFP (all P &amp;lt;.0001). When the ROC curve was plotted for patients with HCC vs patients with LC, the combination of GDF15 and PIVKA-II had the highest diagnostic accuracy of AUC and specificity as compared with other combinations (all P &amp;lt;.0001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>We found that GDF15 is a potent serum marker for the detection of HBV-associated HCC and that PIVKA-II combined with GDF15 can improve diagnostic accuracy for HBV-associated HCC.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/labmed\/lmaa089","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,11]],"date-time":"2020-09-11T11:11:06Z","timestamp":1599822666000},"page":"381-389","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Evaluation of Serum GDF15, AFP, and PIVKA-II as Diagnostic Markers for HBV-Associated Hepatocellular Carcinoma"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"Juanjuan","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, PR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dongling","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, PR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chu","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, PR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhili","family":"Niu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, PR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, PR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, PR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6429-6742","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pingan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, PR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"2021070116491828500_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2893.2003.00487.x","article-title":"Hepatitis B virus epidemiology, disease burden, treatment, and current and emerging prevention and control measures","volume":"11","author":"Lavanchy","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Viral Hepat."},{"issue":"3","key":"2021070116491828500_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23190","article-title":"Chronic hepatitis B: update 2009","volume":"50","author":"Lok","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hepatology."},{"issue":"2","key":"2021070116491828500_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.12.2.351","article-title":"Update on diagnosis, management, and prevention of hepatitis B virus infection","volume":"12","author":"Mahoney","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev."},{"issue":"2","key":"2021070116491828500_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.1440","article-title":"Estimating the world cancer burden: Globocan 2000","volume":"94","author":"Parkin","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int J Cancer."},{"issue":"6","key":"2021070116491828500_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2489","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.30519","article-title":"A large-scale multicenter study validates aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B10 as a prevalent serum marker for detection of hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"69","author":"Ye","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hepatology."},{"issue":"3","key":"2021070116491828500_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1020","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.24199","article-title":"Management of hepatocellular carcinoma: an update","volume":"53","author":"Bruix","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hepatology."},{"issue":"4","key":"2021070116491828500_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2011.12.001","article-title":"EASL-EORTC Clinical Practice Guidelines: management of hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"56","author":"European Association for the Study of the Liver; 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