{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T22:35:48Z","timestamp":1785537348207,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,20]],"date-time":"2021-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1629417600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"name":"Special Program of Construction National Innovative City of Shenzhen","award":["JCYJ20190809151205630"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JCYJ20190809151205630"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Previous studies have shown that a number of cytokines participate in the regulation of ankylosing spondylitis (AS). To investigate the potential role of interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor- \u03b1 (TNF-\u03b1) in AS pathogenesis, this study examined the serum levels of IL-6 and TNF-\u03b1 in patients with AS and its clinical association with disease activity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The serum concentrations of IL-6 and TNF-\u03b1 from 80 patients with AS and 46 healthy control patients (HCs) were examined by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. The correlations between the serum IL-6 and TNF-\u03b1 levels and the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI), computed tomography (CT) imaging-based classification, and laboratory indicators were analyzed using the Spearman correlation test.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Compared to HCs, patients with AS showed higher levels of IL-6 and TNF-\u03b1. There was also a positive correlation between the serum IL-6 and TNF-\u03b1 levels and the BASDAI, the progression of AS, and the CT imaging\u2013based classification. The serum levels of IL-6 correlated closely with C-reactive protein and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate. More important, patients with AS with hip joint involvement exhibited a significant elevation of serum levels of TNF-\u03b1, and higher IL-6 was detected in patients with the involvement of joints other than the hip and sacroiliac joints.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The serum levels of IL-6 and TNF-\u03b1 can function as important indicators for auxiliary diagnosis and disease activity evaluation of AS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/labmed\/lmab029","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,16]],"date-time":"2021-03-16T12:36:11Z","timestamp":1615898171000},"page":"149-155","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Serum IL-6 and TNF-\u03b1 Levels Are Correlated with Disease Severity in Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Jing","family":"Du","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital , Shenzhen , P.R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8461-7264","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jinxia","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen GenTarGet Biotherapeutics Co., Ltd. , Shenzhen , P.R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhanpeng","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital , Shenzhen , P.R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhicheng","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital , Shenzhen , P.R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital , Shenzhen , P.R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuhao","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital , Shenzhen , P.R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiannan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, Ohio , US"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chao","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Shenzhen People\u2019s Hospital , Shenzhen , P.R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023020416004275900_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"iii8","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.61.suppl_3.iii8","article-title":"Ankylosing spondylitis: an overview","volume":"61(Suppl 3)","author":"Sieper","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis."},{"issue":"2","key":"2023020416004275900_CIT0002","first-page":"85","article-title":"Criteria of the classification of spondylarthropathies. Article published in French","volume":"57","author":"Amor","year":"1990","journal-title":"Rev Rhum Mal Osteoartic."},{"key":"2023020416004275900_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"iii3","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.61.suppl_3.iii3","article-title":"Ankylosing spondylitis: introductory comments on its diagnosis and treatment","volume":"61(Suppl 3)","author":"Khan","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis."},{"issue":"9570","key":"2023020416004275900_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1379","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)60635-7","article-title":"Ankylosing spondylitis","volume":"369","author":"Braun","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"issue":"26","key":"2023020416004275900_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2563","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1406182","article-title":"Ankylosing spondylitis and axial spondyloarthritis","volume":"374","author":"Taurog","year":"2016","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"issue":"5","key":"2023020416004275900_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1324","DOI":"10.1002\/art.23471","article-title":"Radiographic progression of ankylosing spondylitis after up to two years of treatment with etanercept","volume":"58","author":"van der Heijde","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"issue":"12","key":"2023020416004275900_CIT0007","first-page":"2622","article-title":"Prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis and spondyloarthropathy in Brittany, France. Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de Rhumatologie de l\u2019Ouest","volume":"26","author":"Saraux","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Rheumatol."},{"issue":"6","key":"2023020416004275900_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2017.56","article-title":"Pathogenesis of ankylosing spondylitis\u2014recent advances and future directions","volume":"13","author":"Ranganathan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol."},{"issue":"6","key":"2023020416004275900_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.44.6.359","article-title":"Prevalence of ankylosing spondylitis in males and females in a young middle-aged population of Troms\u00f8, Northern Norway","volume":"44","author":"Gran","year":"1985","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis."},{"issue":"1","key":"2023020416004275900_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.37.1.33","article-title":"Ankylosing spondylitis and inflammatory bowel disease. II. Prevalence of peripheral arthritis, sacroiliitis, and ankylosing spondylitis in patients suffering from inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"37","author":"Dekker-Saeys","year":"1978","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis."},{"issue":"2","key":"2023020416004275900_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-002-0237-4","article-title":"Age at disease onset and diagnosis delay in HLA-B27 negative vs. positive patients with ankylosing spondylitis","volume":"23","author":"Feldtkeller","year":"2003","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int."},{"issue":"4 Suppl 55","key":"2023020416004275900_CIT0012","first-page":"S118","article-title":"Cost-of-illness of rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis","volume":"27","author":"Franke","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol."},{"key":"2023020416004275900_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1038\/s41413-019-0057-8","article-title":"Ankylosing spondylitis: etiology, pathogenesis, and treatments","volume":"7","author":"Zhu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bone Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"2023020416004275900_CIT0014","first-page":"508","article-title":"Urolithiasis in ankylosing spondylitis: correlation with Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI), Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI) and Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Metrology Index (BASMI)","volume":"3","author":"Fallahi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Caspian J Intern Med."},{"issue":"12","key":"2023020416004275900_CIT0015","first-page":"2286","article-title":"A new approach to defining disease status in ankylosing spondylitis: the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index","volume":"21","author":"Garrett","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Rheumatol."},{"issue":"5","key":"2023020416004275900_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.42.5.524","article-title":"Acute-phase proteins and serum immunoglobulins in ankylosing spondylitis","volume":"42","author":"Laurent","year":"1983","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis."},{"issue":"7568","key":"2023020416004275900_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.38954.689583.DE","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of ankylosing spondylitis","volume":"333","author":"McVeigh","year":"2006","journal-title":"BMJ."},{"issue":"5","key":"2023020416004275900_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2010.05.009","article-title":"Soluble and tissue biomarkers in ankylosing spondylitis","volume":"24","author":"de Vlam","year":"2010","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol."},{"issue":"5","key":"2023020416004275900_CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1080\/10790268.2004.11752233","article-title":"C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate in patients with heterotopic ossification after spinal cord injury","volume":"27","author":"Estrores","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Spinal Cord Med."},{"issue":"11","key":"2023020416004275900_CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1515\/hsz-2015-0149","article-title":"C-reactive protein and inflammation: conformational changes affect function","volume":"396","author":"Wu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biol Chem."},{"issue":"1","key":"2023020416004275900_CIT0021","first-page":"100","article-title":"Suppressors of cytokine signalling in ankylosing spondylitis and their associations with disease severity, acute-phase reactants and serum cytokines","volume":"34","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol."},{"issue":"5","key":"2023020416004275900_CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2016.42","article-title":"New evidence on the management of spondyloarthritis","volume":"12","author":"Sieper","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol."},{"key":"2023020416004275900_CIT0023","first-page":"CD005468","article-title":"TNF-alpha inhibitors for ankylosing spondylitis","author":"Maxwell","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev."},{"key":"2023020416004275900_CIT0024","first-page":"730","article-title":"Identification of multiple risk variants for ankylosing spondylitis through high-density genotyping of immune-related loci","volume":"45(7)","author":"Cortes","journal-title":"Nat Genet."},{"issue":"4","key":"2023020416004275900_CIT0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780270401","article-title":"Evaluation of diagnostic criteria for ankylosing spondylitis. A proposal for modification of the New York criteria","volume":"27","author":"van der Linden","year":"1984","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"issue":"1","key":"2023020416004275900_CIT0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2013.06.013","article-title":"Genetics of ankylosing spondylitis","volume":"57","author":"Robinson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol Immunol."},{"key":"2023020416004275900_CIT0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.2147\/TACG.S37325","article-title":"The genetic basis of ankylosing spondylitis: new insights into disease pathogenesis","volume":"7","author":"Tsui","year":"2014","journal-title":"Appl Clin Genet."},{"issue":"1","key":"2023020416004275900_CIT0028","first-page":"74","article-title":"HLA-B27 and the immune response to enterobacterial antigens in ankylosing spondylitis","volume":"55","author":"Trull","year":"1984","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2023020416004275900_CIT0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0105-2896.2009.00852.x","article-title":"Genetics and genomics of ankylosing spondylitis","volume":"233","author":"Thomas","year":"2010","journal-title":"Immunol Rev."},{"issue":"1","key":"2023020416004275900_CIT0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2013.07.013","article-title":"HLA-B27 misfolding and ankylosing spondylitis","volume":"57","author":"Colbert","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol Immunol."},{"issue":"6","key":"2023020416004275900_CIT0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2018.07.012","article-title":"The role of HLA-B*27 in spondyloarthritis","volume":"31","author":"Colbert","year":"2017","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol."},{"issue":"7809","key":"2023020416004275900_CIT0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(73)91360-3","article-title":"Ankylosing spondylitis and HL-A 27","volume":"1","author":"Brewerton","year":"1973","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"issue":"6","key":"2023020416004275900_CIT0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-014-2662-7","article-title":"An update on the contribution of the MHC to AS susceptibility","volume":"33","author":"Reveille","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol."},{"issue":"10","key":"2023020416004275900_CIT0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/33.10.927","article-title":"Serum cytokines (IL-6, TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta and IFN-gamma) in ankylosing spondylitis: a close correlation between serum IL-6 and disease activity and severity","volume":"33","author":"Gratac\u00f3s","year":"1994","journal-title":"Br J Rheumatol."},{"issue":"4","key":"2023020416004275900_CIT0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1590\/S0482-50042012000400006","article-title":"The association between serum levels of potential biomarkers with the presence of factors related to the clinical activity and poor prognosis in spondyloarthritis","volume":"52","author":"Londono","year":"2012","journal-title":"Rev Bras Reumatol."},{"key":"2023020416004275900_CIT0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2423(09)48005-3","article-title":"Proinflammatory cytokines in CRP baseline regulation","volume":"48","author":"Eklund","year":"2009","journal-title":"Adv Clin Chem."},{"key":"2023020416004275900_CIT0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2018.02.013","article-title":"Rethinking IL-6 and CRP: why they are more than inflammatory biomarkers, and why it matters","volume":"70","author":"Del Giudice","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun."},{"issue":"10","key":"2023020416004275900_CIT0038","first-page":"17362","article-title":"Elevated serum levels of IL-6 and IL-17 may associate with the development of ankylosing spondylitis","volume":"8","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Clin Exp Med."},{"issue":"7","key":"2023020416004275900_CIT0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1830","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201040391","article-title":"IL-6: regulator of Treg\/Th17 balance","volume":"40","author":"Kimura","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol."},{"issue":"6","key":"2023020416004275900_CIT0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kep028","article-title":"Th17 and regulatory T cells: rebalancing pro- and anti-inflammatory forces in autoimmune arthritis","volume":"48","author":"Nistala","year":"2009","journal-title":"Rheumatology."},{"issue":"5","key":"2023020416004275900_CIT0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1002\/art.39563","article-title":"Histone methylation and STAT-3 differentially regulate interleukin-6-induced matrix metalloproteinase gene activation in rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts","volume":"68","author":"Araki","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol."},{"issue":"9","key":"2023020416004275900_CIT0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvx108","article-title":"The role of infiltrating immune cells in dysfunctional adipose tissue","volume":"113","author":"Guzik","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res."},{"key":"2023020416004275900_CIT0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.01.108","article-title":"Immune cells involved in the pathogenesis of ankylosing spondylitis","volume":"100","author":"Rezaiemanesh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother."},{"issue":"6","key":"2023020416004275900_CIT0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2018.08.002","article-title":"Uveitis and spondyloarthropathies","volume":"31","author":"Sharma","year":"2017","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol."},{"issue":"6","key":"2023020416004275900_CIT0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1080\/14712598.2018.1468884","article-title":"Biologics for treating axial spondyloarthritis","volume":"18","author":"Jones","year":"2018","journal-title":"Expert Opin Biol Ther."},{"issue":"5","key":"2023020416004275900_CIT0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1080\/14397595.2018.1519103","article-title":"Serum calprotectin correlates with risk and disease severity of ankylosing spondylitis and its change during first month might predict favorable response to treatment","volume":"29","author":"Hu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mod Rheumatol."},{"issue":"3","key":"2023020416004275900_CIT0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2018.12.001","article-title":"Advances in understanding the pathophysiology of spondyloarthritis","volume":"32","author":"Lories","year":"2018","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2023020416004275900_CIT0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2009.11.007","article-title":"Socioeconomic impact of ankylosing spondylitis in Tunisia","volume":"77","author":"Younes","year":"2010","journal-title":"Joint Bone Spine."}],"container-title":["Laboratory Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/labmed\/article-pdf\/53\/2\/149\/49091183\/lmab029.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/labmed\/article-pdf\/53\/2\/149\/49091183\/lmab029.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,23]],"date-time":"2023-10-23T06:42:46Z","timestamp":1698043366000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/labmed\/article\/53\/2\/149\/6355522"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,20]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,20]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,7]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/labmed\/lmab029","relation":{},"ISSN":["0007-5027","1943-7730"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0007-5027","type":"print"},{"value":"1943-7730","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,20]]}}}