{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T08:13:33Z","timestamp":1767860013098,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,27]],"date-time":"2021-10-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635292800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"name":"Guangzhou Innovation Leadership Team","award":["CXLJTD-201602"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CXLJTD-201602"]}]},{"name":"The Science and Technology Innovation Project of Foshan Municipality, China","award":["2020001000431"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020001000431"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction is the gold standard for the diagnosis of COVID-19, but it is necessary to utilize other tests to determine the burden of the disease and the spread of the outbreak such as IgG-, IgM-, and IgA-based antibody detection using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We developed an indirect ELISA assay to quantitatively measure the amount of COVID-19 IgG, IgM, and IgA antibodies present in patient serum, dried blood, and plasma.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The population cutoff values for positivity were determined by receiver operating characteristic curves to be 1.23 U\/mL, 23.09 U\/mL, and 6.36 U\/mL for IgG, IgM, and IgA, respectively. After albumin subtraction, the specificity remained &amp;gt;98% and the sensitivity was 95.72%, 83.47%, and 82.60%, respectively, for IgG, IgM, and IgA antibodies to the combined spike subunit 1 receptor binding domain and N proteins in serum. Plasma and dried blood spot specimens were also validated on this assay.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This assay may be used for determining the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in a population exposed to the virus or in vaccinated individuals.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/labmed\/lmab085","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,18]],"date-time":"2021-08-18T19:12:46Z","timestamp":1629313966000},"page":"225-234","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Quantitative Detection of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies Using Indirect ELISA"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Shuhong","family":"Luo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"RayBiotech , Guangzhou , China"},{"name":"RayBiotech Life , Peachtree Corners, Georgia , US"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianhua","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Science, Shunde Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou , China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chih Yun","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RayBiotech Life , Peachtree Corners, Georgia , US"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Siwei","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RayBiotech , Guangzhou , China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1137-3406","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kelly C","family":"Whittaker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RayBiotech Life , Peachtree Corners, Georgia , US"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xingqi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RayBiotech Life , Peachtree Corners, Georgia , US"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RayBiotech Life , Peachtree Corners, Georgia , US"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RayBiotech Life , Peachtree Corners, Georgia , US"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shehuo","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RayBiotech , Guangzhou , China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianmin","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RayBiotech , Guangzhou , China"},{"name":"RayBiotech Life , Peachtree Corners, Georgia , 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