{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T12:22:00Z","timestamp":1776774120698,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,4]],"date-time":"2021-12-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638576000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Most often, IgM-mediated autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) presents as cold agglutinin disease in the pediatric population. The IgM warm agglutinins are rare, with few reports in the literature. This case study describes a 5 year old girl with nausea, abdominal pain and jaundice, and a hemoglobin of 5.5 g\/dL who was diagnosed with a warm reactive IgM AIHA. The laboratory workup revealed a pan-reactive antibody and a direct antiglobulin test negative for IgG and C3. A thermal amplitude assay revealed reactive IgM antibodies at 37\u00b0C, 30\u00b0C, 25\u00b0C, and 4\u00b0C and an antibody titer of 1:8. An adsorption for IgM-specific autoantibodies exposed underlying anti-E and anti-Cw alloantibodies. Transfusion of phenotypically matched red blood cell units supported ongoing hemolysis. The AIHA treatment included steroids followed by rituximab with complete resolution. A literature review shows variable outcomes for warm AIHA in the pediatric population and often describes the presence of warm reactive IgM-mediated AIHA as an indicator for poor prognosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/labmed\/lmab101","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,6]],"date-time":"2021-10-06T08:57:59Z","timestamp":1633510679000},"page":"e83-e86","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["IgM Warm Autoantibodies Causing Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia in a Pediatric Patient"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Precious","family":"Fortes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Wing-Kwai and Alice Lee-Tsing Chung Transfusion Service, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA , Los Angeles, California , US"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Janet","family":"Baez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wing-Kwai and Alice Lee-Tsing Chung Transfusion Service, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA , Los Angeles, California , US"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea M","family":"McGonigle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wing-Kwai and Alice Lee-Tsing Chung Transfusion Service, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA , Los Angeles, California , US"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alyssa","family":"Ziman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wing-Kwai and Alice Lee-Tsing Chung Transfusion Service, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA , Los Angeles, California , US"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Noah","family":"Federman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Hematology\/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA , Los Angeles, California , US"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA , Los Angeles, California , US"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dawn C","family":"Ward","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wing-Kwai and Alice Lee-Tsing Chung Transfusion Service, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA , Los Angeles, California , US"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023020417104594500_CIT0001","volume-title":"Technical Manual,","author":"Fung","year":"2014","edition":"18"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023020417104594500_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2011.03254.x","article-title":"Autoimmune hemolytic anemia in pediatric liver or combined liver and small bowel transplant patients: a case 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immunodeficiency","volume":"23","author":"Nowak-Wegrzyn","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Pediatr Hematol Oncol."},{"issue":"2","key":"2023020417104594500_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.20072","article-title":"Successful anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody treatment of severe autoimmune hemolytic anemia due to warm reactive IgM autoantibody in a child with common variable immunodeficiency","volume":"76","author":"Wakim","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Hematol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2023020417104594500_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1186\/s13256-017-1449-2","article-title":"Success of anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody treatment for severe autoimmune hemolytic anemia caused by warm-reactive immunoglobulin A, immunoglobulin G, and immunoglobulin M autoantibodies in a child: a case report","volume":"11","author":"Ajmi","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Med Case 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