{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T23:29:44Z","timestamp":1785281384436,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]],"date-time":"2023-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677628800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Immunoglobulin monoclonal light chains (MLCs) in serum and urine are markers for monoclonal gammopathy and could serve as markers of minimal residual disease (MRD) in multiple myeloma (MM). Excretion of MLCs in urine is known to result in renal damage and shorter survival in patients with LC-predominant\u00a0MM.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Retrospective review of urine immunofixation in 1738 specimens at 3 medical centers was conducted to assess the utility of\u00a0urinalysis for diagnosis and monitoring of monoclonal gammopathy. We tested 228 stored urine specimens via the modified urine immunofixation method, using antisera to assay free LCs (FLCs).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Our review of urine immunofixation results and medical records validated the theory that the only meaningful value-added finding was detection of monoclonal free light chains. Examination of 228 urine specimens using our novel method revealed 18.4% additional positive results. The rate of incremental findings for lambda LCs was nearly 3-fold higher than for kappa LCs.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The new method of urine immunofixation is significantly more sensitive and more efficient than the conventional method for detecting MLCs in urine. The new assay appears to be sensitive enough to prove that MLCs serve as a marker of MRD in MM.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/labmed\/lmac155","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]],"date-time":"2023-03-01T19:30:17Z","timestamp":1677699017000},"page":"527-533","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Urine Protein Immunofixation Electrophoresis: Free Light Chain Urine Immunofixation Electrophoresis Is More Sensitive than Conventional Assays for Detecting Monoclonal Light Chains and Could Serve as a Marker of Minimal Residual Disease"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"54","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0621-7254","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gurmukh","family":"Singh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University , Augusta, GA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nkechi","family":"Arinze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University , Augusta, GA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David\u00a0M","family":"Manthei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI ,\u00a0and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frederick\u00a0V","family":"Plapp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City, KS"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roni\u00a0J","family":"Bollag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University , Augusta, GA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023090508461034700_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1648","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djab131","article-title":"Annual report to the nation on the status of cancer, part 1: national cancer statistics","volume":"113","author":"Islami","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst."},{"key":"2023090508461034700_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2008.307","article-title":"International Myeloma Working Group guidelines for serum-free light chain analysis in multiple myeloma and related disorders","volume":"23","author":"Dispenzieri","year":"2009","journal-title":"Leukemia."},{"key":"2023090508461034700_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.5858\/arpa.2020-0794-CP","article-title":"Q. 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