{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T03:05:15Z","timestamp":1792033515717,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,13]],"date-time":"2023-01-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1673568000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Primary amebic meningoencephalitis (PAM) is a fulminant fatal human disease caused by the free-living amoeba Naegleria fowleri. Infection occurs after inhalation of water containing the amoeba, typically after swimming in bodies of warm freshwater. N.\u00a0fowleri migrates to the brain where it incites meningoencephalitis and cerebral edema leading to death of the patient 7 to 10\u00a0days postinfection. Although the disease is rare, it is almost always fatal and believed to be underreported. The incidence of PAM in countries other than the United States is unclear and possibly on track to being an emerging disease. Poor prognosis is caused by rapid progression, suboptimal treatment, and underdiagnosis. As diagnosis is often performed postmortem and testing is only performed by a few laboratories, more accessible testing is necessary. This article reviews the current methods used in the screening and confirmation of PAM and makes recommendations for improved diagnostic practices and awareness.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/labmed\/lmac158","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,14]],"date-time":"2023-01-14T01:56:33Z","timestamp":1673661393000},"page":"e124-e132","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Laboratory Diagnosis of Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalitis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Juan\u00a0U","family":"Rojo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, School of Health Professions, University of Texas Medical Branch , Galveston, Texas , US"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4012-9848","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rajkumar","family":"Rajendran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, School of Health Professions, University of Texas Medical Branch , Galveston, Texas , US"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jose\u00a0H","family":"Salazar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, School of Health Professions, University of Texas Medical Branch , Galveston, Texas , US"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,13]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"2023090508453083500_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e19","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa520","article-title":"Epidemiology and clinical characteristics of primary amebic meningoencephalitis caused by Naegleria fowleri: a global review","volume":"73","author":"Gharpure","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Infect 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