{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T18:20:27Z","timestamp":1787509227454,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,5]],"date-time":"2024-04-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712275200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Serum level of microRNA-122 (miR-122) has been reported as a sensitive diagnostic biomarker for detecting liver injury, comparable to the aminotransferases. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities are increased in other conditions, such as acute skeletal muscle injury (ASMI). We determined whether miR-122 is nonspecifically increased in patients suffering from ASMI.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We measured ALT, AST, creatine kinase (CK), and miR-122 in 3 groups: healthy controls (n = 24), patients with ASMI (total n = 29, 11 with recreational drug use and 18 without recreational drug use), and patients with acute liver injury (ALI; n = 14).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Levels of ALT, AST, and CK increased 83%, 97%, and 100% for patients with ASMI and 100% for all 3 enzymes in ALI patients. In contrast, miR-122 increased in 34% of patients with ASMI (44.4% with recreational drug use and 18.2% without recreational drug use) and 100% of ALI patients. In 2 drug-induced liver injury cases, miR-122 increased about 12-24 hours before ALT and AST.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Recreational drug misuse is associated with both rhabdomyolysis and drug-induced liver injury (DILI). The traditional liver function markers AST and ALT were nonspecifically increased in the majority of patients with ASMI. miR-122 is only increased in patients at risk for DILI and demonstrates superior specificity for liver injury.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/labmed\/lmae022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,22]],"date-time":"2024-02-22T12:28:23Z","timestamp":1708604903000},"page":"609-614","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Serum microRNA\u2011122 for assessment of acute liver injury in patients with extensive skeletal muscle damage"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"55","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5512-9272","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine , Houston, TX , US"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chui Mei","family":"Ong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California San Francisco - Laboratory Medicine , San Francisco, CA , US"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1367-0401","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kara","family":"Lynch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco , San Francisco, CA , US"},{"name":"University of California San Francisco Medical Center at Parnassus - Laboratory Medicine , San Francisco, CA , US"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Javier","family":"Waksman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco , San Francisco, CA , US"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alan H B","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California San Francisco Medical Center at Parnassus - Laboratory Medicine , San Francisco, CA , US"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024090405515162800_CIT0001","first-page":"869","article-title":"Acute liver failure","volume-title":"Lancet.","author":"Stravitz","year":"2019"},{"key":"2024090405515162800_CIT0002","first-page":"731","article-title":"Drug-related hepatotoxicity","volume-title":"N Engl J Med.","author":"Navarro","year":"2006"},{"key":"2024090405515162800_CIT0003","first-page":"274","article-title":"Mechanisms of acetaminophen-induced liver injury and its implications for therapeutic interventions","volume-title":"Redox Biol.","author":"Yan","year":"2018"},{"key":"2024090405515162800_CIT0004","first-page":"1020","article-title":"Abnormal liver function tests associated with severe rhabdomyolysis","volume-title":"World J 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as a biomarker for viral-, alcohol-, and chemical-related hepatic diseases","volume-title":"Clin Chem.","author":"Zhang","year":"2010"},{"key":"2024090405515162800_CIT0010","first-page":"1177","article-title":"Translating extracellular microRNA into clinical biomarkers for drug-induced toxicity: from high-throughput profiling to validation","volume-title":"Biomark Med","author":"Wang","year":"2015"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024090405515162800_CIT0011","first-page":"58","article-title":"Rhabdmyolysis: pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment","volume":"15","author":"Torres","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ochsner J"},{"key":"2024090405515162800_CIT0012","first-page":"294","article-title":"Liver aminotransferases are elevated with rhabdomyolysis in the absence of significant liver injury","volume-title":"J Med Toxicol.","author":"Weibrecht","year":"2010"},{"key":"2024090405515162800_CIT0013","first-page":"131","article-title":"Acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity: a comprehensive update","volume-title":"J Clin Transl Hepatol","author":"Yoon","year":"2016"},{"key":"2024090405515162800_CIT0014","first-page":"290","article-title":"Hepatocyte-derived microRNAs as serum biomarkers of hepatic injury and rejection after liver transplantation","volume-title":"Liver Transpl.","author":"Farid","year":"2012"},{"key":"2024090405515162800_CIT0015","volume-title":"Percutaneous Liver Biopsy","author":"Chan","year":"2023"},{"key":"2024090405515162800_CIT0016","first-page":"e012799","article-title":"STARD 2015 guidelines for reporting diagnostic accuracy studies: explanation and elaboration","volume-title":"BMJ Open.","author":"Cohen","year":"2016"}],"container-title":["Laboratory 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