{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T13:05:46Z","timestamp":1760101546434,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,24]],"date-time":"2025-05-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748044800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The anti-LW antibody is not considered clinically significant. Yet, it can cause some challenges in differentiating it from the anti-D antibody in pretransfusion testing.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This case report discusses a 35-year-old patient with nonmalignant gastrointestinal complications who was identified as having anti-LW during pretransfusion testing. We provide a brief history of the LW system and discuss the laboratory methods used to distinguish anti-LW from anti-D.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The patient\u2019s prior workup revealed an O RhD-positive blood type and an antibody compatible with anti-D. Auto-control and direct antiglobulin testing with anti\u2013immunoglobulin G were only weakly positive, but the elution was negative. Red blood cell genotyping did not show any RhD variant. Current workup showed the patient\u2019s plasma reacting with both RhD-positive and RhD-negative group O cord blood and not reacting with RhD-positive dithiothreitol-treated cells, confirming anti-LW specificity.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Clarifying an apparent confusion between a true anti-D and a mimicking anti-LW in pretransfusion blood bank testing remains the basis of providing clinically relevant component therapy. Understanding the basics of the LW Blood Group System serology is fundamental to appropriate problem solving.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/labmed\/lmaf006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,25]],"date-time":"2025-05-25T03:35:29Z","timestamp":1748144129000},"page":"582-585","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Is it anti-D or anti-LW? A brief synopsis of the biology of the LW blood group and the importance and differential laboratory methods to discriminate these specificities"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Wael","family":"Ibrahim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kentucky College of Medicine , Lexington, KY ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daoping","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kentucky Healthcare , Lexington, KY ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dennis","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kentucky College of Medicine , Lexington, KY ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aaron D","family":"Shmookler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kentucky College of Medicine , Lexington, KY ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025090821471804900_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.21037\/aob-22-6","article-title":"RH genetic variation and the impact for typing and personalized transfusion strategies: a narrative review","volume":"8","author":"Keller","year":"2023","journal-title":"Annals of Blood."},{"key":"2025090821471804900_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.17810","article-title":"Estimating the serological underrecognition of patients with weak or partial RHD variants","volume":"64","author":"Ramsey","year":"2024","journal-title":"Transfusion."},{"key":"2025090821471804900_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118493595","volume-title":"Human Blood Groups","author":"Daniels","year":"2013","edition":"2"},{"key":"2025090821471804900_CIT0004","first-page":"669","volume-title":"Modern Blood Banking & Transfusion Practices","author":"Harmening","year":"2019","edition":"7"},{"key":"2025090821471804900_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-415849-8.00018-1","volume-title":"The Blood Group Antigen Factsbook","author":"Reid","year":"2012","edition":"3"},{"key":"2025090821471804900_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.21307\/immunohematology-2019-187","article-title":"The LW blood group system: a review","volume":"27","author":"Grandstaff Moulds","year":"2011","journal-title":"Immunohematology."},{"key":"2025090821471804900_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"958","DOI":"10.1111\/vox.13276","article-title":"A new high-prevalence LW antigen detected by an antibody in an Indigenous Australian homozygous for LW*A c.309C&gt;A variant","volume":"117","author":"Lopez","year":"2022","journal-title":"Vox Sang."},{"key":"2025090821471804900_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.5581\/1516-8484.20130042","article-title":"Do not confuse anti-LW autoantibodies with anti-D","volume":"35","author":"Miola","year":"2013","journal-title":"Rev Bras Hematol Hemoter."},{"key":"2025090821471804900_CIT0009","first-page":"390","volume-title":"Technical Manual","author":"Cohn","year":"2023","edition":"21"},{"key":"2025090821471804900_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1590","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V86.4.1590.bloodjournal8641590","article-title":"Molecular basis and expression of the LWa\/LWb blood group polymorphism","volume":"86","author":"Hermand","year":"1995","journal-title":"Blood."},{"key":"2025090821471804900_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1423-0410.2007.00970.x","article-title":"Functions of red cell surface proteins","volume":"93","author":"Daniels","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vox Sang."},{"key":"2025090821471804900_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2708","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2006-11-056101","article-title":"Epinephrine-induced activation of LW-mediated sickle cell adhesion and vaso-occlusion in vivo","volume":"110","author":"Zennadi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Blood."},{"key":"2025090821471804900_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3148.1996.d01-63.x","article-title":"Transient depression of LWa antigen with coincident production of anti-LWa repeated in relapses of malignant lymphoma","volume":"6","author":"Komatsu","year":"1996","journal-title":"Transfus Med."},{"key":"2025090821471804900_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.1971.tb04372.x","article-title":"Maternal anti-LW","volume":"11","author":"DeVeber","year":"1971","journal-title":"Transfusion."},{"key":"2025090821471804900_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V42.3.445.445","article-title":"Autoantibodies in acquired hemolytic anemia with special reference to the LW system","volume":"42","author":"Vos","year":"1973","journal-title":"Blood."},{"key":"2025090821471804900_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.1967.tb05515.x","article-title":"Anti-LW specificity in autoimmune acquired hemolytic anemia","volume":"7","author":"Celano","year":"1967","journal-title":"Transfusion."},{"key":"2025090821471804900_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.17945\/kjbt.2022.33.1.39","article-title":"Three cases of Anti-LW antibody identification at a Tertiary Hospital in Korea","volume":"33","author":"Chae","year":"2022","journal-title":"Korean J Blood Transfus."}],"container-title":["Laboratory 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