{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T07:53:04Z","timestamp":1769068384254,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761609600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Kaiser Permanente Garfield Memorial Research Fund"},{"name":"Kaiser Permanente Community Health Fund"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This prospective study assessed relationships between COVID-19, humoral immunity, and common laboratory test results.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Blood and urine were collected from adults with clinical SARS-CoV-2 test results before August 2021: nucleic acid amplification (NAA) tests and antinucleocapsid protein (\u03b1N) serology. Measurements were made of \u03b1N and 13 laboratory tests, and results were compared across groups defined by NAA and \u03b1N status.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and platelet counts were clinically significantly higher among individuals who had COVID-19 than in individuals without evidence of COVID-19. Hemoglobin was more abnormal among patients without evidence of COVID-19. Glycated hemoglobin results were also much higher among patients with prior positive NAA and current or prior positive \u03b1N results than in individuals with negative \u03b1N results. No other statistically significant associations between NAA or \u03b1N and abnormal laboratory results were found.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Elevated HbA1c results were associated with prior positive NAA findings combined with positive \u03b1N results but not with negative \u03b1N results. Further investigation into the association of dysregulated glycemic control with humoral immunity to natural infection is warranted, given the well-documented increase in incidence in type 1 and type 2 diabetes following COVID-19. Prior positive NAA results were also associated with a few nonspecific abnormalities of the complete blood cell count.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/labmed\/lmaf036","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,11]],"date-time":"2025-06-11T07:49:09Z","timestamp":1749628149000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["SARS-CoV-2 humoral immunity is associated with elevated hemoglobin A1c"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Darryl E","family":"Palmer-Toy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Southern California Permanente Medical Group Regional Reference Laboratories , North Hollywood & Chino Hills, CA ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kaiser Permanente Southern California Department of Research & Evaluation , Pasadena, CA ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Komal J","family":"Narwaney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Colorado , Denver, CO ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aida","family":"Legaspi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southern California Permanente Medical Group Regional Reference Laboratories , North Hollywood & Chino Hills, CA ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Aragones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kaiser Permanente Southern California Department of Research & Evaluation , Pasadena, CA ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jessica A","family":"Lam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Analysis, Southern California Permanente Medical Group , Pasadena, CA ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2821-9744","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John M","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kaiser Permanente Southern California Department of Research & Evaluation , Pasadena, CA ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cecilia","family":"Portugal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kaiser Permanente Southern California Department of Research & Evaluation , Pasadena, CA ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katia J","family":"Bruxvoort","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, AL ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jason M","family":"Glanz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Colorado , Denver, CO ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado School of Medicine , Aurora, CO ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8862-8078","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ingrid A","family":"Binswanger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Colorado , Denver, CO ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Colorado Permanente Medical Group , Aurora, CO ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver , Aurora, CO ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Bernard J. 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