{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]],"date-time":"2025-07-24T11:01:41Z","timestamp":1753354901530,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,7]],"date-time":"2018-12-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1544140800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001412","name":"Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, India","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["09\/490(0090)\/2012 EMR-I)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["09\/490(0090)\/2012 EMR-I)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001412","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To assess the practicality of dot-blot testing for rapid and sensitive detection of the antiacetylcholine receptor (anti-AChR) antibodies in myasthenia gravis (MG).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this case-control study, we tested serum specimens of 85 patients with MG, 85 healthy control individuals, and 85 patients without MG who have other autoimmune and neurological illnesses. All the serum specimens were tested for anti-AChR antibodies using 3 assays: in-house enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), the dot-blot assay, and commercial ELISA.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In-house ELISA, commercial ELISA, and dot-blot test results were positive for anti-AChR antibodies in 65 (76.5%) patients with MG. The results of all 3 tests were negative for anti-AChR antibodies in healthy controls and patients without MG. We observed perfect concordance (K = 1, P &lt;.001) between all 3 tests. In-house ELISA correlated significantly (r = 0.873, P &lt;.001) with commercial ELISA. In-house ELISA and the dot-blot test demonstrated similar diagnostic performance in detecting anti-AChR antibodies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The dot-blot assay is a simple, nonradioactive immune assay for rapid detection of anti-AChR antibodies in MG.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/labmed\/lmy038","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,30]],"date-time":"2018-11-30T20:10:31Z","timestamp":1543608631000},"page":"229-235","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["A Simple, Rapid and Non-Radiolabeled Immune Assay to Detect Anti-AChR Antibodies in Myasthenia Gravis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"Suresh","family":"Bokoliya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuromicrobiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shripad","family":"Patil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuromicrobiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Madhu","family":"Nagappa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arun","family":"Taly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"2019071612060370000_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.20030","article-title":"Clinical evaluation and management of myasthenia gravis","volume":"29","author":"Keesey","year":"2004","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"issue":"4109","key":"2019071612060370000_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1126\/science.182.4109.293","article-title":"Neuromuscular junction in myasthenia gravis: decreased acetylcholine receptors","volume":"182","author":"Fambrough","year":"1973","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"11","key":"2019071612060370000_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2843","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI29894","article-title":"Myasthenia gravis: past, present, and future","volume":"116","author":"Conti-Fine","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"4088","key":"2019071612060370000_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1126\/science.180.4088.871","article-title":"Autoimmune response to acetylcholine receptor","volume":"180","author":"Patrick","year":"1973","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"12","key":"2019071612060370000_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1246","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.48.12.1246","article-title":"Acetylcholine receptor antibody as a diagnostic test for myasthenia gravis: results in 153 validated cases and 2967 diagnostic assays","volume":"48","author":"Vincent","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"2019071612060370000_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1017\/S0317167100026652","article-title":"Acetylcholine receptor antibodies in myasthenia gravis: use of a qualitative assay for diagnostic purposes","volume":"14","author":"Oger","year":"1987","journal-title":"Can J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"2019071612060370000_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1987.tb51321.x","article-title":"Clinical correlations of antibodies that bind, block, or modulate human acetylcholine receptors in myasthenia gravis","volume":"505","author":"Howard","year":"1987","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"2019071612060370000_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-59745-156-7_9","article-title":"Autoantibody testing in the diagnosis and management of autoimmune disorders of neuromuscular transmission and related disorders","volume-title":"Myasthenia Gravis and Related Disorders","author":"Agius","year":"2009","edition":"2"},{"issue":"4","key":"2019071612060370000_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4598(200004)23:4<453::AID-MUS3>3.0.CO;2-O","article-title":"Acetylcholine receptors and myasthenia","volume":"23","author":"Lindstrom","year":"2000","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"issue":"1","key":"2019071612060370000_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-5728(90)90043-M","article-title":"A sensitive rosetting assay for detection of acetylcholine receptor antibodies using BC3H-1 cells: positive results in \u2018antibody-negative\u2019 myasthenia gravis","volume":"28","author":"Brooks","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2019071612060370000_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.56.5.496","article-title":"Clinical implementation of anti-acetylcholine receptor antibodies","volume":"56","author":"Somnier","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"2019071612060370000_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1309\/AJCPYEOR6SGE8ZLU","article-title":"Detection of acetylcholine receptor modulating antibodies by flow cytometry","volume":"143","author":"Lozier","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"2019071612060370000_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cccn.2005.05.035","article-title":"A sensitive non-isotopic assay for acetylcholine receptor autoantibodies","volume":"364","author":"Hewer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta"},{"issue":"1","key":"2019071612060370000_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1759(86)90273-5","article-title":"A simplified ELISA for anti-receptor antibodies in myasthenia gravis","volume":"86","author":"Jailkhani","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Immunol Methods"},{"key":"2019071612060370000_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2016.01.006","article-title":"Diagnosis of myasthenia gravis: Comparison of anti-nicotinic acetyl choline receptor antibodies, repetitive nerve stimulation and Neostigmine tests at a tertiary neuro care centre in India, a ten year study","volume":"292","author":"Patil","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2019071612060370000_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/48.3.549","article-title":"Determination of anti-acetylcholine receptor antibodies in myasthenic patients by use of time-resolved fluorescence","volume":"48","author":"R\u00edcn\u00fd","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"issue":"6","key":"2019071612060370000_CIT0017","first-page":"497","article-title":"Studies in myasthenia gravis: review of a twenty-year experience in over 1200 patients","volume":"38","author":"Osserman","year":"1971","journal-title":"Mt Sinai J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2019071612060370000_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-1033.1981.tb06202.x","article-title":"The isolation and characterisation of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor from human skeletal muscle","volume":"115","author":"Stephenson","year":"1981","journal-title":"Eur J Biochem"},{"issue":"21","key":"2019071612060370000_CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12757","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)33577-4","article-title":"Purification and biochemical characterization of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors of human muscle","volume":"257","author":"Momoi","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"2019071612060370000_CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(76)90527-3","article-title":"A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding","volume":"72","author":"Bradford","year":"1976","journal-title":"Anal Biochem"},{"key":"2019071612060370000_CIT0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.86.5.974","article-title":"The large sample variance of kappa in the case of different sets of raters","volume":"86","author":"Fleiss","year":"1979","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"issue":"11","key":"2019071612060370000_CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1525","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.118.11.1525","article-title":"Autoimmune retinopathy: patients with antirecoverin immunoreactivity and panretinal degeneration","volume":"118","author":"Heckenlively","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"2019071612060370000_CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-1596-4-1","article-title":"Antinuclear antibodies and their detection methods in diagnosis of connective tissue diseases: a journey revisited","volume":"4","author":"Kumar","year":"2009","journal-title":"Diagn Pathol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2019071612060370000_CIT0024","first-page":"918","article-title":"Contribution of dot-blot assay to the diagnosis and management of myositis: a three-year practice at a university hospital centre","volume":"34","author":"Martel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"issue":"9","key":"2019071612060370000_CIT0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.880180904","article-title":"Single fiber electromyography of extraocular muscles: a sensitive method for the diagnosis of ocular myasthenia gravis","volume":"18","author":"Rivero","year":"1995","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"issue":"12","key":"2019071612060370000_CIT0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2776","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2004.05.024","article-title":"Repetitive nerve stimulation in myasthenia gravis\u2013relative sensitivity of different muscles","volume":"115","author":"Costa","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"2019071612060370000_CIT0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nmd.2006.05.006","article-title":"A systematic review of diagnostic studies in myasthenia gravis","volume":"16","author":"Benatar","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuromuscul Disord"},{"issue":"3","key":"2019071612060370000_CIT0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1038\/85520","article-title":"Auto-antibodies to the receptor tyrosine kinase MuSK in patients with myasthenia gravis without acetylcholine receptor antibodies","volume":"7","author":"Hoch","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"2019071612060370000_CIT0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2005.08.017","article-title":"Novel autoantibodies to a voltage-gated potassium channel Kv1.4 in a severe form of myasthenia gravis","volume":"170","author":"Suzuki","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2019071612060370000_CIT0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.22312","article-title":"Autoantibodies to low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 4 in myasthenia gravis","volume":"69","author":"Higuchi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"}],"container-title":["Laboratory Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/labmed\/article-pdf\/50\/3\/229\/28938855\/lmy038.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,7]],"date-time":"2022-09-07T07:33:27Z","timestamp":1662536007000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/labmed\/article\/50\/3\/229\/5233740"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,7]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,7]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,16]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/labmed\/lmy038","relation":{},"ISSN":["0007-5027","1943-7730"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0007-5027"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1943-7730"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,7]]}}}