{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,29]],"date-time":"2025-11-29T08:00:45Z","timestamp":1764403245285,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]],"date-time":"2023-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677628800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005001","name":"Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["OG-9945"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OG-9945"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Oral candidiasis (OC) is the most frequent opportunistic fungal infection, which is a predictive indicator of immunosuppression and disease progression among people living with HIV\/AIDS (PLWHA). In the present study, 109 Candida isolates were collected from 94 PLWHA afflicted with oral Candida infection (OCI) following highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). The susceptibility profiles of Candidaspp. to six antifungal agents were evaluated using CLSI broth microdilution. The prevalence of OCI was 34.06%. The susceptibility profile of Candidaspp. revealed 100% sensitivity to caspofungin, while 6.4%, 5.4%, 24.5%, and 2.8% of Candida isolates showed resistance or nonwild-type MICs to fluconazole, itraconazole, posaconazole, and amphotericin B, respectively. Notably, 15.9% of patients and 3.7% of isolates showed mixed Candida infections and multidrug resistance, respectively. The low-level resistance to antifungal agents observed in the present study may be explained by the fact that none of the participants had prior and prolonged exposure to these antifungals. However, more focus should be placed on the mechanisms of reduced susceptibility and low-level resistance in Candida species since they can serve as stepping stones to developing clinical resistance. Alongside this, it seems a must to understand the local epidemiology of Candida spp. and their susceptibility pattern.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/lambio\/ovad029","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,14]],"date-time":"2023-03-14T18:18:45Z","timestamp":1678817925000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Low level of antifungal resistance in<i>Candida<\/i>species recovered from Iranian HIV-associated oral infection"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"76","author":[{"given":"Maryam","family":"Erfaninejad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences , Ahvaz 61357-15794 , Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5347-2082","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali","family":"Zarei\u00a0Mahmoudabadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences , Ahvaz 61357-15794 , Iran"},{"name":"Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences , Ahvaz 61357-15794 , Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elham","family":"Maraghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences , Ahvaz 61357-15794 , Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Hashemzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences , Ahvaz 61357-15794 , Iran"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences , Ahvaz 61357-15794 , Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6898-1309","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mahnaz","family":"Fatahinia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences , Ahvaz 61357-15794 , Iran"},{"name":"Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences , Ahvaz 61357-15794 , Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023032010463231100_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2020033","DOI":"10.4178\/epih.e2020033","article-title":"Oral colonization by Candida species and associated factors in HIV-infected patients in Ahvaz, southwest Iran","volume":"42","author":"Aboualigalehdari","year":"2020","journal-title":"Epidemiol Health"},{"key":"2023032010463231100_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e02503","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02503-18","article-title":"Low level of antifungal resistance in Iranian isolates ofCandida glabrata recovered from blood samples in a multicenter study from 2015 to 2018 and potential prognostic values of genotyping and sequencing of PDR1","volume":"63","author":"Arastehfar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2023032010463231100_","first-page":"20","article-title":"Epidemiology of oropharyngeal candidiasis in human immunodeficiency virus\/acquired immune deficiency syndrome patients and CD4+ counts","volume":"7","author":"Berberi","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Int Oral Health"},{"key":"2023032010463231100_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.09.1010","article-title":"Oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC) in hiv infected patients and its antifungal susceptiblity pattern by disc diffusion method","volume":"101","author":"Chaudhary","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2023032010463231100_","volume-title":"Epidemiological cut-off values for antifungal susceptibility testing. 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