{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T00:23:34Z","timestamp":1792196614037,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,15]],"date-time":"2024-03-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710460800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008808","name":"Ministry of Minority Affairs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82-27\/2019 (SA-III)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82-27\/2019 (SA-III)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008808","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Fish are the most edible protein source worldwide and generate several remnants such as scales, viscera, head, bone, and skin. Fish wastes are not disposed of properly, which adversely affects the environment, especially the water bodies where fish processing industries dispose of their waste. Fish waste mainly contains nitrogen, oil, fat, salts, heavy metals, and organic compounds, which increase the biological oxygen demand and chemical oxygen demand. Fish waste can degrade in various ways, such as physicochemical or by enzymatic action, but using microbes is an environmentally friendly approach that can provide valuable compounds such as products such as collagen, chitin, minerals, and fish protein concentrates. This review is designed to focus on the suitability of microbes as tools for fish waste degradation and the production of certain associated. This study also provides insight into the production of other compounds such as protease, chitinase, and chitin applicability of these products. After processing, fish waste as a microbial growth media for enzyme production since microorganisms synthesize enzymes such as proteases, protein hydrolysates, lipids, and chitinase, which have broader applications in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, biomedical material, and food processing industries.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/lambio\/ovae028","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,14]],"date-time":"2024-03-14T11:30:04Z","timestamp":1710415804000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Microbes as a tool for the bioremediation of fish waste from the environment and the production of value-added compounds: a review"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"77","author":[{"given":"Neha","family":"Kumari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Birla Institute of Technology , Ranchi 835215 Jharkhand , India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Hussain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Birla Institute of Technology , Ranchi 835215 Jharkhand , India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2129-0062","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shashwati","family":"Ghosh\u00a0Sachan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Birla Institute of Technology , Ranchi 835215 Jharkhand , India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024040804051957000_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1482","DOI":"10.3390\/md8051482","article-title":"Production of chitooligosaccharides and their potential applications in medicine","volume":"8","author":"Aam","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mar Drugs"},{"key":"2024040804051957000_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2017.10.024","article-title":"Application of bacterial collagenolytic protease for the extraction of type I collagen from the kin of bigeye tuna (Thunnus Obesus)","volume":"89","author":"Ahmed","year":"2018","journal-title":"LWT- Food Sci Technol"},{"key":"2024040804051957000_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26041002","article-title":"From fish waste to value: an overview of the sustainable recovery of omega-3 for food supplements","volume":"26","author":"Alfio","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol"},{"key":"2024040804051957000_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3558","DOI":"10.3390\/polym14173558","article-title":"Potential medical application of chitooligosaccharides","volume":"14","author":"Anil","year":"2022","journal-title":"Polym"},{"key":"2024040804051957000_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1007\/s12649-020-01029-x","article-title":"Enzymatic hydrolysis of fish waste as an alternative to produce high value-added products","volume":"12","author":"Araujo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Waste Biomass Valorization"},{"key":"2024040804051957000_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.17485\/ijst\/2009\/v2i12.10","article-title":"Protease enzyme: an eco-friendly alternative for leather industry","volume":"2","author":"Arunachalam","year":"2009","journal-title":"Indian J Sci Technol"},{"key":"2024040804051957000_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1007\/s11274-007-9492-6","article-title":"Production and characterization of extracellular protease of mutant Aspergillus niger AB100 grown on fish scale","volume":"24","author":"Basu","year":"2008","journal-title":"World J Microbiol Biotechnol"},{"key":"2024040804051957000_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1235","DOI":"10.1080\/10498850.2021.1988018","article-title":"Biodegradation of Chitin extracted from Labeo catla fish scales and production of chitooligosaccharides by novel chitinolytic bacteria Streptomyces chilikensis RC1830","volume":"30","author":"Behera","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Aquat Food Prod Technol"},{"key":"2024040804051957000_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1007\/s12649-022-01907-6","article-title":"Bioconversion of fish scales and feather wastes by Bacillus sp. 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