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However, it is not known whether clinical strains live in the natural environment, and if these strains have acquired antimicrobial resistance. In this study, we performed the typing of flagellin A gene (flaA) of clinical and environmental strains of Aeromonas hydrophila and A. veronii biovar sobria using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) assay with newly designed primers. Detection rates of the clinical and environmental flaA types of A. hydrophila were 66.7% and 88.2%, and the corresponding rates for A. veronii biovar sobria were 66.7% and 90.9%. The PCR assays could significantly discriminate between clinical and environmental strains of both species in approximately 4\u2009h. Also, among the 63 clinical Aeromonas strains used, only one extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase-producing bacteria, no plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance bacteria, and only four multidrug-resistant bacteria were detected. Therefore, the PCR assays could be useful for the rapid diagnosis of these Aeromonas infections and the monitoring of clinical strain invasion into water-related facilities and environments. Also, the frequency of drug-resistant Aeromonas in clinical isolates from Okinawa Prefecture, Japan, appeared to be low.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/lambio\/ovae052","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,4]],"date-time":"2024-06-04T01:47:16Z","timestamp":1717465636000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Rapid discrimination methods for clinical and environmental strains of <i>Aeromonas hydrophila<\/i> and <i>A. veronii<\/i> biovar sobria using the N-terminal sequence of the <i>flaA<\/i> gene and investigation of antimicrobial resistance"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"77","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1228-2573","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kazufumi","family":"Miyagi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Microbiology, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus , 207 Uehara, Nishihara-cho, Okinawa 903-0215 , Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noriaki","family":"Shimoji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory, Urasoe General Hospital , 4-16-1 Iso, Urasoe-shi, Okinawa 901-2132 , Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024070807012054900_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0259602","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0259602","article-title":"Bacterial uropathogens and burden of antimicrobial resistance pattern in urine specimens referred to Ethiopian Public Health Institute","volume":"16","author":"Addis","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2024070807012054900_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1262","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens11111262","article-title":"A first report of molecular typing, virulence traits, and phenotypic and genotypic resistance patterns of newly emerging XDR 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