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W. Culb is a species of lichen with edible and medicinal applications in China. Our previous studies demonstrated that the methanol extract of Thamnolia subuliformis (METS) exhibits broad antibacterial activity and stability against foodborne pathogens. This study aimed to investigate the antibacterial mechanism of METS against Staphylococcus aureus using nontargeted metabolomics, focusing on cell wall and membrane damage. The results revealed that the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was 0.625\u00a0mg ml\u22121 and that METS had good biosafety at this concentration. METS caused significant damage to the cell wall and membrane integrity, based on both morphological observation by electron microscopy and the leakage of alkaline phosphatase, protein, and nucleic acid in the cell cultures. Treatment with METS at the MIC disrupted the lipid metabolism of S. aureus, causing a decrease in the metabolism of various phospholipids and sphingolipids in the cell membrane and an increase in the ratio of saturated fatty acids to unsaturated fatty acids. Moreover, it influenced intracellular amino acid and energy metabolism. These results shed light on the antibacterial mechanism of METS against S. aureus while also serving as a reference for the further development of natural antibacterial compounds derived from Thamnolia subuliformis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/lambio\/ovae073","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,30]],"date-time":"2024-07-30T19:25:36Z","timestamp":1722367536000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Antibacterial mechanism of the methanol extract of <i>Thamnolia subuliformis<\/i> (Ehrh.) W. Culb against <i>Staphylococcus aureus<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"77","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-9933-8849","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Menglong","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Highly-Efficient Utilization of Forestry Biomass Resources in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University , Kunming 650224 , China"},{"name":"Institute of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Dali University , Dali 671000 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongqiao","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Dali University , Dali 671000 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiana","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Dali University , 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