{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T06:11:58Z","timestamp":1790143918063,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,26]],"date-time":"2025-04-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745625600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>This study aimed to investigate the presence of antimicrobial resistant Escherichia coli (E. coli) among healthy day-old broiler and layer chicks in the absence of in ovo or day-of-hatch antibiotic administration. A total of 100 pooled samples from 14 hatcheries across western Algeria were collected for analyses. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the disc-diffusion method. Genes encoding antibiotic resistance, integrons, and phylogenetic groups were screened using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), with the genetic relatedness of extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing isolates determined via multilocus sequence typing. Sixty-eight samples contained E. coli, with high levels of resistance to multiple antibiotics found among broiler (92.10%) and layer chicks (100%) (no significant statistical association, P\u00a0&amp;lt;\u00a00.05). Multidrug-resistant (MDR)\/ESBL-producing isolates were detected in samples from both broiler (n\u00a0=\u00a011) and layer (n\u00a0=\u00a02) hatcheries, from which three and five harbored blaCTX-M-1 and blaCTX-M-14, respectively. Additionally, tetA (n\u00a0=\u00a07), sul1 (n\u00a0=\u00a05), aac(6\u00b4)-Ib-cr (n\u00a0=\u00a02), and int1 (n\u00a0=\u00a07) genes were detected. Isolates belonged to the clones ST10 (n\u00a0=\u00a01), ST617 (n\u00a0=\u00a01), ST405 (n\u00a0=\u00a03), ST69 (n\u00a0=\u00a04), ST224 (n\u00a0=\u00a03), and ST4494 (n\u00a0=\u00a01). Study findings indicate that even in the absence of any prior antibiotic administration, day-old chicks in western Algerian hatcheries carry MDR isolates capable of spreading across the national poultry sector, representing a significant public health concern.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/lambio\/ovaf062","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,27]],"date-time":"2025-04-27T02:13:04Z","timestamp":1745719984000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Occurrence of multidrug resistant\/extended spectrum beta-lactamase-producing <i>Escherichia coli<\/i> isolates belonging to high-risk clones from healthy 1-day-old broiler and layer chicks without in ovo or day-of-hatch antibiotic administration"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"78","author":[{"given":"Meki","family":"Boutaiba\u00a0Benklaouz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Natural and Life Sciences, University Center Nour El Bachir El Bayadh Department of Agronomy, , 32000 El Bayadh ,","place":["Algeria"]},{"name":"Laboratory of Hygiene and Animal Pathology, Veterinary Sciences Institute, University of Tiaret , 14000 Tiaret ,","place":["Algeria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6422-1062","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qada","family":"Benameur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Natural and life Sciences, University Abdelhamid Ibn Badis-Mostaganem Department of Agronomy, , 27000 Mostaganem ,","place":["Algeria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9673-193X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed Salah","family":"Abbassi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Bacteriological Research, Institute of Veterinary Research of Tunisia, University of Tunis El Manar , 1006 Tunis ,","place":["Tunisia"]},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Research Laboratory \u00abAntimicrobial resistance\u00bb LR99ES09, University of Tunis El Manar , Tunis 1006 ,","place":["Tunisia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hebib","family":"Aggad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Hygiene and Animal Pathology, Veterinary Sciences Institute, University of Tiaret , 14000 Tiaret ,","place":["Algeria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025050811412872700_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20140085","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2014.0085","article-title":"The livestock reservoir for antimicrobial resistance: A personal view on changing patterns of risks, effects of interventions and the way forward","volume":"370","author":"Aarestrup","year":"2015","journal-title":"Phil Trans R Soc B"},{"key":"2025050811412872700_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101696","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.101696","article-title":"Alternatives to antibiotics for organic poultry production: types, modes of action and impacts on bird's health and production","volume":"101","author":"Abd\u00a0El-Hack","year":"2022","journal-title":"Poult Sci"},{"key":"2025050811412872700_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.14202\/vetworld.2020.1037-1044","article-title":"Antibiotic resistance and extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase in Escherichia coli isolates from imported 1-day-old chicks, ducklings, and turkey poults","volume":"13","author":"AbdelRahman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vet World"},{"key":"2025050811412872700_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.19182\/remvt.31170","article-title":"Antibiotic use and practices in commercial poultry laying hens in Ogun State Nigeria","volume":"69","author":"Adebowale","year":"2016","journal-title":"Rev Elev Med Vet Pays Trop"},{"key":"2025050811412872700_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2007.03.004","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of antibacterial multidrug resistance","volume":"128","author":"Alekshun","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2025050811412872700_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1007\/s13744-022-01021-1","article-title":"Challenges in the biological control of pests in poultry production: a critical review of advances in Brazil","volume":"52","author":"Alves","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neotrop Entomol"},{"key":"2025050811412872700_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115360","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.115360","article-title":"Groundwater resources as a global reservoir for antimicrobial-resistant bacteria","volume":"170","author":"Andrade","year":"2020","journal-title":"Water Res"},{"key":"2025050811412872700_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-021-00930-x","article-title":"Genetic relatedness of multidrug resistant Escherichia coli isolated from humans, chickens and poultry environments","volume":"10","author":"Aworh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Antimicrob Resist Infect Control"},{"key":"2025050811412872700_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5428","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.03106-14","article-title":"Impact of third- generation-cephalosporin administration in hatcheries on fecal Escherichia coli antimicrobial resistance in broilers and layers","volume":"58","author":"Baron","year":"2014","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2025050811412872700_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2016.04.006","article-title":"Molecular characterization of extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase and plasmid AmpC-producing Escherichia coli strains isolated from broilers in B\u00e9jaia, Algeria","volume":"6","author":"Belmahdi","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Global Antimicrob Resist"},{"key":"2025050811412872700_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1814","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics11121814","article-title":"Extended spectrum \u03b2-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli from poultry and wild birds (Sparrow) in Djelfa (Algeria), with frequent detection of CTX-M-14 in Sparrow","volume":"11","author":"Belmahdi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Antibiotics"},{"key":"2025050811412872700_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/jeq2.20456","article-title":"Multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli isolated from cleaned and disinfected poultry houses prior to day-old chick placement","volume":"52","author":"Benameur","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Environ Qual"},{"key":"2025050811412872700_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2019.03.009","article-title":"Detection of multidrug resistant Escherichia coli in the ovaries of healthy broiler breeders with emphasis on extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamases producers","volume":"64","author":"Benameur","year":"2019","journal-title":"Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025050811412872700_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.14202\/vetworld.2018.469-473","article-title":"Characterization of quinolone-resistant Enterobacteriaceae strains isolated from poultry in Western Algeria: first report of qnrS in an Enterobacter cloacae","volume":"11","author":"Benameur","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vet World"},{"key":"2025050811412872700_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1540","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.18-0283","article-title":"Isolation of Escherichia coli carrying the blaCTX-M-1 and qnrS1 genes from reproductive organs of broiler breeders and internal contents of hatching eggs","volume":"80","author":"Benameur","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Vet Med Sci"},{"key":"2025050811412872700_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1231938","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1231938","article-title":"Integrons in the development of antimicrobial resistance: critical review and perspectives","volume":"14","author":"Bhat","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"2025050811412872700_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2015.11.004","article-title":"Introduction of quinolone resistant Escherichia coli to Swedish broiler population by imported breeding animals","volume":"194","author":"B\u00f6rjesson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol"},{"key":"2025050811412872700_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.14202\/vetworld.2020.290-295","article-title":"Resistance to multiple first-line antibiotics among Escherichia coli from poultry in Western Algeria","volume":"13","author":"Boutaiba\u00a0Benklaouz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vet World"},{"key":"2025050811412872700_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkm204","article-title":"Multiplex PCR for detection of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance qnr genes in ESBL-producing enterobacterial isolates","volume":"60","author":"Cattoir","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"2025050811412872700_bib20","author":"CIPARS, Canadian Integrated Program for Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance","year":"2018"},{"key":"2025050811412872700_bib21","first-page":"4555","article-title":"Rapid and simple determination of Escherichia coli phylogenetic groups","volume":"66","author":"Clermont","year":"2000","journal-title":"Appl Microbiol"},{"key":"2025050811412872700_bib22","volume-title":"Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing, Twenty-seventh Informational Supplement Document M100-S27","author":"CLSI, Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute","year":"2021","edition":"27th ed."},{"key":"2025050811412872700_bib23","volume-title":"Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing. Thirty-first Informational Supplement M100","author":"CLSI, Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute","year":"2021","edition":"31st ed."},{"key":"2025050811412872700_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1339","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1908.120681","article-title":"Human deaths and third-generation cephalosporin use in poultry, Europe","volume":"19","author":"Collignon","year":"2013","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025050811412872700_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e01675","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01675-21","article-title":"Imported one-day-old chicks as trojan horses for multidrug-resistant priority pathogens harboring mcr-9, rmtG, and extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase genes","volume":"88","author":"Coppola","year":"2022","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microb"},{"key":"2025050811412872700_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5898701","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/5898701","article-title":"Phylogenetic group of Escherichia coli isolates from broilers in Brazilian poultry slaughterhouse","volume":"2017","author":"Coura","year":"2017","journal-title":"The Scientific World Journal"},{"key":"2025050811412872700_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2017.03.024","article-title":"Dynamics of CMY-2 producing E. coli in a broiler parent flock","volume":"203","author":"Dame-Korevaar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol"},{"key":"2025050811412872700_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2020.03.017","article-title":"Co-occurrence of mcr-1 mediated colistin resistance and \u03b2-lactamase-encoding genes in multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli from broiler chickens with colibacillosis in Tunisia","volume":"22","author":"Dhaouadi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Global Antimicrob Resist"},{"key":"2025050811412872700_bib29","first-page":"299","article-title":"Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC)","volume":"30","author":"Dho-Moulin","year":"1999","journal-title":"Vet Res"},{"key":"2025050811412872700_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e79005","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0079005","article-title":"Presence of ESBL","volume":"8","author":"Dierikx","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025050811412872700_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1679","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.01679","article-title":"Simultaneous carriage of mcr-1 and other antimicrobial resistance determinants in Escherichia coli from poultry","volume":"9","author":"Dominguez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"2025050811412872700_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-023-03570-y","article-title":"Antibiotic profiling of multidrug resistant pathogens in one-day-old chicks imported from Belgium to benin","volume":"19","author":"Dougnon","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Vet Res"},{"key":"2025050811412872700_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2019.06.004","article-title":"The evolution and transmission of multi-drug resistant Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae: the complexity of clones and plasmids","volume":"51","author":"Dunn","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr Opin Microbiol"},{"key":"2025050811412872700_bib34","volume-title":"Panel on Biological Hazards (BIOHAZ), Scientific opinion on the public health risks of bacterial strains producing extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamases and\/or AmpC \u03b2- lactamases in food and food-producing animals","author":"EFSA","year":"2011"},{"key":"2025050811412872700_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5698","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.70.9.5698-5700.2004","article-title":"Large scale population structure of commensal Escherichia coli isolates","volume":"70","author":"Escobar-Paramo","year":"2004","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microb"},{"key":"2025050811412872700_bib36","author":"FAO (Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations)","year":"2025"},{"key":"2025050811412872700_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1086\/505397","article-title":"Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance in non-Typhi serotypes of Salmonella enterica","volume":"43","author":"Gay","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025050811412872700_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-49-10-929","article-title":"Distribution and in-vitro transfer of tetracycline resistance determinants in clinical and aquatic Acinetobacter strains","volume":"49","author":"Guardabassi","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"2025050811412872700_bib78_370_020625","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1460","DOI":"10.1111\/lam.13812","article-title":"Genetic heterogeneity and predominance of blaCTX-M-15 in cefotaxime-resistant Enterobacteriaceae isolates colonizing hospitalized children in Tunisia","volume":"75","author":"Harbaoui","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lett Appl Microbiol"},{"key":"2025050811412872700_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1863-2378.2010.01376.x","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance in Swiss laying hens, prevalence and risk factors","volume":"58","author":"Harisberger","year":"2011","journal-title":"Zoonoses Public Health"},{"key":"2025050811412872700_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"fiaa231","DOI":"10.1093\/femsec\/fiaa231","article-title":"Genetic characterization of extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae from a biological industrial wastewater treatment plant in Tunisia with detection of the colistin-resistance mcr-1 gene","volume":"97","author":"Hassen","year":"2021","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Ecol"},{"key":"2025050811412872700_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1089\/fpd.2015.1960","article-title":"Decreased resistance to broad-spectrum cephalosporin in Escherichia coli from healthy broilers at farms in Japan after voluntary withdrawal of ceftiofur","volume":"12","author":"Hiki","year":"2015","journal-title":"Foodborne Pathog Dis"},{"key":"2025050811412872700_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2016.07.001","article-title":"Transmission dynamics of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase and AmpC beta- lactamase-producing Escherichia coli in a broiler flock without antibiotic use","volume":"131","author":"Huijbers","year":"2016","journal-title":"Prev Vet Med"},{"key":"2025050811412872700_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1409","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612825999190619130216","article-title":"Antimicrobial agents and urinary tract infections","volume":"25","author":"Issakhanian","year":"2019","journal-title":"CPD"},{"key":"2025050811412872700_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/10.4.867","article-title":"Extended broad-spectrum \u03b2- lactamases conferring transferable resistance to newer \u03b2-lactam agents in Enterobacteriaceae: Hospital prevalence and susceptibility patterns","volume":"10","author":"Jarlier","year":"1988","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025050811412872700_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkm316","article-title":"Characterization of CTX-M and SHV extended-spectrum beta-lactamases and associated resistance genes in Escherichia coli strains of food samples in Tunisia","volume":"60","author":"Jouini","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"2025050811412872700_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro818","article-title":"Pathogenic Escherichia coli","volume":"2","author":"Kaper","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat Rev Micro"},{"key":"2025050811412872700_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1,125080","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2024.125080","article-title":"The use of E. coli phylogrouping and microbial source tracking (non-species specific, human-specific, bovine-specific bacteroidales markers) to elucidate hydro(geo)logical contamination mechanisms in southeastern Ontario, Canada","volume":"363","author":"Kelly","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ Pollut"},{"key":"2025050811412872700_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3463","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1717295115","article-title":"Global increase and geographic convergence in antibiotic consumption between 2000 and 2015","volume":"115","author":"Klein","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2025050811412872700_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1186\/s13028-024-00756-8","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance among indicator Enterococcus faecium and Escherichia coli in Swedish pig farms","volume":"66","author":"Ladyhina","year":"2024","journal-title":"Acta Vet Scand"},{"key":"2025050811412872700_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0255722","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.02557-22","article-title":"Comparative analysis of phylogenetic relationships and virulence factor characteristics between extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli Isolates derived from clinical sites and chicken farms","volume":"10","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microbiol Spectr"},{"key":"2025050811412872700_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms10050975","article-title":"Detection of blaOXA-48 and mcr-1 genes in Escherichia coli isolates from pigeon (Columba livia) in Algeria","volume":"10","author":"Loucif","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"2025050811412872700_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2011.03570.x","article-title":"Multidrug-resistant, extensively drug-resistant and pandrug-resistant bacteria: an international expert proposal for interim standard definitions for acquired resistance","volume":"18","author":"Magiorakos","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"2025050811412872700_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00116-14","article-title":"The role of epidemic resistance plasmids and international high-risk clones in the spread of multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae","volume":"28","author":"Mathers","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"2025050811412872700_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3214","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.47.10.3214-3221.2003","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance genes in enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli O149:K91 isolates obtained over a 23-year period from pigs","volume":"47","author":"Maynard","year":"2003","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2025050811412872700_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1568","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.44.6.1568-1574.2000","article-title":"Antibiotic resistance in the ECOR collection: integrons and identification of a novel aad gene","volume":"44","author":"Mazel","year":"2000","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2025050811412872700_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"736464","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.736464","article-title":"International high-risk clones among extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli in Dhaka, Bangladesh","volume":"12","author":"Mazumder","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"2025050811412872700_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1524","DOI":"10.1093\/ps\/79.11.1524","article-title":"The effect of in ovo or day-of-hatch subcutaneous antibiotic administration on competitive exclusion culture (PREEMPT) establishment in neonatal chickens","volume":"79","author":"McReynolds","year":"2000","journal-title":"Poult Sci"},{"key":"2025050811412872700_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1637\/10804-022414-Reg.1","article-title":"First description of an extended-spectrum cephalosporin- and fluoroquinolone-resistant Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli clone in Algeria","volume":"59","author":"Meguenni","year":"2015","journal-title":"Avian Dis"},{"key":"2025050811412872700_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patbio.2009.05.003","article-title":"qnr and aac(6 \u2019) -Ib-cr types quinolone resistance among Enterobacteriaceae isolated in Annaba, Algeria","volume":"59","author":"Meradi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pathol Biol (Paris)"},{"key":"2025050811412872700_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2014.02.002","article-title":"Emergence of AmpC-producing Escherichia coli in the broiler production chain in a country with a low antimicrobial usage profile","volume":"171","author":"Mo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol"},{"key":"2025050811412872700_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2019.02.007","article-title":"Day-old chicks are a source of antimicrobial resistant bacteria for laying hen farms","volume":"230","author":"Moreno","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol"},{"key":"2025050811412872700_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102007","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102007","article-title":"Relationship between phylogenetic groups of Escherichia coli and pathogenicity among isolates from chickens with colibacillosis and healthy chickens","volume":"101","author":"Murase","year":"2022","journal-title":"Poult Sci"},{"key":"2025050811412872700_bib63","article-title":"Consumption of Antimicrobial Agents and Antimicrobial Resistance Among Medically Important Bacteria in the Netherlands","author":"NethMap-MARAN, Monitoring of Antimicrobial Resistance and Antibiotic Usage in Animals in the Netherlands","year":"2020","journal-title":"National Institute for Public Health and the Environment"},{"key":"2025050811412872700_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1216","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1707.110209","article-title":"Extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase genes of Escherichia coli in chicken meat and humans, the Netherlands","volume":"17","author":"Overdevest","year":"2011","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025050811412872700_bib65","first-page":"181","article-title":"Current trends in antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli","volume":"416","author":"Paitan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Top Microbiol Immunol"},{"key":"2025050811412872700_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3953","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00915-06","article-title":"Prevalence in the United States of aac(6')-Ib-cr encoding a ciprofloxacin-modifying enzyme","volume":"50","author":"Park","year":"2006","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2025050811412872700_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(06)70599-0","article-title":"The worldwide emergence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance","volume":"6","author":"Robicsek","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025050811412872700_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3996","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.48.10.3996-4001.2004","article-title":"Mechanisms of resistance in multiple-antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli strains of human, animal, and food origins","volume":"48","author":"S\u00e1enz","year":"2004","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2025050811412872700_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1135377","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2023.1135377","article-title":"Estimates of on-farm antimicrobial usage in egg production in the United States, 2016\u20132021","volume":"10","author":"Singer","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci"},{"key":"2025050811412872700_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5860","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.43.12.5860-5864.2005","article-title":"Analysis of a uropathogenic Escherichia coli clonal group by multilocus sequence typing","volume":"43","author":"Tartof","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"2025050811412872700_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1374","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2018.0450","article-title":"Prevalence and genetic relatedness of extended spectrum-\u03b2-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli among humans, cattle, and poultry in Pakistan","volume":"25","author":"Umair","year":"2019","journal-title":"Microb Drug Resist"},{"key":"2025050811412872700_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1610","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268810002700","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis in housed laying-hen flocks in Europe","volume":"139","author":"Van\u00a0Hoorebeke","year":"2011","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"2025050811412872700_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3062","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkw278","article-title":"Molecular characterization of bla ESBL -producing Escherichia coli cultured from pig farms in Ireland","volume":"71","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"2025050811412872700_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2432","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.6.2432-2437.2004","article-title":"Extended- spectrum-\u03b2-lactamase (SHV-12 like)-producing strains of Salmonella enterica serotypes Babelsberg and Enteritidis isolated in France among infants adopted from Mali","volume":"42","author":"Weill","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"2025050811412872700_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dki412","article-title":"Multiplex PCR for rapid detection of genes encoding CTX-M extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamases","volume":"57","author":"Woodford","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"2025050811412872700_bib76","article-title":"Highest priority critically important antimicrobials","author":"World Health Organization (WHO)","year":"2019"},{"key":"2025050811412872700_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics13080682","article-title":"Plasmid-mediated spread of carbapenem resistance in Enterobacterales: a three-year genome-based survey","volume":"13","author":"Yao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Antibiotics"}],"container-title":["Letters in Applied Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/lambio\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/lambio\/ovaf062\/63015214\/ovaf062.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/lambio\/article-pdf\/78\/5\/ovaf062\/63015214\/ovaf062.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/lambio\/article-pdf\/78\/5\/ovaf062\/63015214\/ovaf062.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,8]],"date-time":"2025-05-08T15:41:34Z","timestamp":1746718894000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/lambio\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/lambio\/ovaf062\/8120513"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,26]]},"references-count":78,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/lambio\/ovaf062","relation":{},"ISSN":["1472-765X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1472-765X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,26]]},"article-number":"ovaf062"}}