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Resistance to penicillin, penicillin\/erythromycin\/clindamycin, penicillin\/tetracycline, and tetracycline solely was observed. The isolates were assigned to 23 different spa types, among them three novel (t21589, t21661, and t21662) variants, associated with eleven clonal complexes (CCs) (CC1, CC5, CC12, CC15, CC22, CC30, CC45, CC97, CC152, CC707, and CC834). Four isolates could not be assigned to any known CC. MLST revealed that one of them belonged to the new sequence type (ST) 9069. Panton\u2013Valentine leukocidin (PVL) genes (lukF-PV\/lukS-PV), the bovine leukocidin genes (lukM\/lukF-P83), the toxic shock syndrome toxin gene tst-1, and various virulence-associated genes were detected. These findings demonstrate the dogs are colonized with human lineages of S. aureus. Coupled with the limited availability of S. aureus data from human medicine in Rwanda underscores the importance of hygiene measures and supports the need for a rigorous One-Health Surveillance program of the companion animals\u2013human interface.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/lambio\/ovaf065","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,27]],"date-time":"2025-04-27T02:13:05Z","timestamp":1745719985000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["<i>Staphylococcus aureus<\/i> in Rwandan dogs predominantly representing human-associated lineages"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"78","author":[{"given":"Lydia","family":"Marek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna , 1210 Vienna ,","place":["Austria"]},{"name":"New Vision Veterinary Hospital (NVVH) Kigali , 83 KG 9 Ave, Kigali ,","place":["Rwanda"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7805-0903","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emmanuel","family":"Irimaso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna , 1210 Vienna ,","place":["Austria"]},{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine\u2014CAVM, University of Rwanda , Nyagatare Campus, P.O. 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