{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T13:55:17Z","timestamp":1791294917185,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790726400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Limosilactobacillus fermentum is a promising probiotic species with reported benefits for gastrointestinal health and host metabolism. In this study, a novel L. fermentum strain, DX2034, isolated from the feces of a healthy Korean infant, was characterized through phenotypic and genomic analyses, and its anti-adipogenic activity was evaluated in differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. DX2034 exhibited high tolerance to simulated gastric and bile conditions and showed stronger adhesion to Caco-2 cells than the reference strain L. fermentum CECT5716. The strain showed no hemolytic activity and was susceptible to most tested antibiotics. Whole-genome sequencing revealed a single circular chromosome of 2\u2009160\u2009171\u00a0bp with no acquired antibiotic resistance genes, virulence-associated factors, or concerning secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters. Comparative genomic analysis identified genomic regions showing low similarity to reference strains, including a putative glycosyltransferase-associated locus, and genes associated with stress adaptation, gastrointestinal persistence, surface modification, and quorum sensing. Heat-killed DX2034 significantly reduced lipid accumulation, intracellular triglyceride content, and expression of adipogenesis-related genes, including C\/EBP\u03b1, PPAR\u03b3, FABP4, LPL, and FASN. These effects were attenuated by the TLR2 inhibitor C29, suggesting involvement of TLR2-associated signaling. Collectively, DX2034 exhibits favorable probiotic-associated characteristics, genomic safety, and TLR2-associated anti-adipogenic activity, supporting its potential as a functional probiotic or postbiotic candidate.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/lambio\/ovag080","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T11:40:32Z","timestamp":1790682032000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Genomic and functional characterization of\n                    <i>Limosilactobacillus fermentum<\/i>\n                    DX2034 identifies a probiotic candidate with TLR2-associated anti-adipogenic activity"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"79","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5764-7890","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Do-Won","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiome Research Institute, Dx&Vx Co., Ltd. , Seoul ,","place":["Republic of Korea"]},{"name":"Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Gachon University , Seongnam ,","place":["Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ji Hyung","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Gachon University , Seongnam ,","place":["Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4170-4835","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Do-Young","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiome Research Institute, Dx&Vx Co., Ltd. , Seoul ,","place":["Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026100609062258800_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D690","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkac920","article-title":"CARD 2023: expanded curation, support for machine learning, and resistome prediction at the Comprehensive Antibiotic Resistance Database","volume":"51","author":"Alcock","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"2026100609062258800_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-12-402","article-title":"BLAST ring image Generator (BRIG): simple prokaryote genome comparisons","volume":"12","author":"Alikhan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Bmc Genomics [Electronic Resource]"},{"key":"2026100609062258800_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e81593","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0081593","article-title":"Gram-positive bacterial lipoglycans based on a glycosylated diacylglycerol lipid anchor are microbe-associated molecular patterns recognized by TLR2","volume":"8","author":"Blanc","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2026100609062258800_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D625","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gky1060","article-title":"the antiSMASH database version 2: a comprehensive resource on secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters","volume":"47","author":"Blin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"2026100609062258800_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3491","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkaa345","article-title":"ResFinder 4.0 for predictions of phenotypes from genotypes","volume":"75","author":"Bortolaia","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"2026100609062258800_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e01738","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01738-18","article-title":"Genus-wide assessment of antibiotic resistance in Lactobacillus spp","volume":"85","author":"Campedelli","year":"2019","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microb"},{"key":"2026100609062258800_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-018-0025-6","article-title":"Gut microbiota-mediated inflammation in obesity: a link with gastrointestinal cancer","volume":"15","author":"Cani","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"2026100609062258800_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2016.09.011","article-title":"Paraprobiotics: evidences on their ability to modify biological responses, inactivation methods and perspectives on their application in foods","volume":"58","author":"de\u00a0Almada","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trends Food Sci Technol"},{"key":"2026100609062258800_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S27","DOI":"10.1093\/femsre\/fux030","article-title":"Lifestyles in transition: evolution and natural history of the genus Lactobacillus","volume":"41","author":"Duar","year":"2017","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"2026100609062258800_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1376","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.01376","article-title":"Evaluation of the immunomodulatory activities of the probiotic strain Lactobacillus fermentum UCO-979C","volume":"10","author":"Garcia-Castillo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2026100609062258800_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10321","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0504084102","article-title":"Enhanced antiinflammatory capacity of a Lactobacillus plantarum mutant synthesizing modified teichoic acids","volume":"102","author":"Grangette","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2026100609062258800_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2014.66","article-title":"Expert consensus document. The International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics consensus statement on the scope and appropriate use of the term probiotic","volume":"11","author":"Hill","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"2026100609062258800_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2018.06.054","article-title":"Evaluation of probiotic Bacillus subtilis P229 isolated from cheonggukjang and its application in soybean fermentation","volume":"97","author":"Jeon","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lwt"},{"key":"2026100609062258800_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-7915.2010.00215.x","article-title":"Comparative genomics of Lactobacillus","volume":"4","author":"Kant","year":"2011","journal-title":"Microb Biotechnol"},{"key":"2026100609062258800_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.3389\/fmolb.2019.00092","article-title":"Administration of Lactobacillus fermentum KBL375 causes taxonomic and functional changes in gut microbiota leading to improvement of atopic dermatitis","volume":"6","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Mol Biosci"},{"key":"2026100609062258800_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1186\/s12986-016-0067-0","article-title":"Probiotics in prevention and treatment of obesity: a critical view","volume":"13","author":"Kobyliak","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nutr Metab (Lond)"},{"key":"2026100609062258800_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1038\/s41538-023-00199-x","article-title":"Multi-omics\u2019 data integration: applications in probiotics studies","volume":"7","author":"Kwoji","year":"2023","journal-title":"NPJ Sci Food"},{"key":"2026100609062258800_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2297","article-title":"Host interactions of probiotic bacterial surface molecules: comparison with commensals and pathogens","volume":"8","author":"Lebeer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat Rev Micro"},{"key":"2026100609062258800_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1100","DOI":"10.1099\/ijsem.0.000760","article-title":"OrthoANI: an improved algorithm and software for calculating average nucleotide identity","volume":"66","author":"Lee","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Syst Evol Microbiol"},{"key":"2026100609062258800_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2111","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI57132","article-title":"Inflammatory links between obesity and metabolic disease","volume":"121","author":"Lumeng","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2026100609062258800_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3387","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2019.1688250","article-title":"Lactobacillus fermentum: a bacterial species with potential for food preservation and biomedical applications","volume":"60","author":"Naghmouchi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr"},{"key":"2026100609062258800_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1089\/jmf.2010.1355","article-title":"the inhibitory effect of Lactobacillus plantarum KY1032 cell extract on the adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 cells","volume":"14","author":"Park","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Med Food"},{"key":"2026100609062258800_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-018-0007-2","article-title":"Glycointeractions in bacterial pathogenesis","volume":"16","author":"Poole","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Micro"},{"key":"2026100609062258800_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1016","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13031016","article-title":"Limosilactobacillus fermentum CECT5716: mechanisms and therapeutic insights","volume":"13","author":"Rodr\u00edguez-Sojo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"2026100609062258800_bib25","first-page":"732","article-title":"Technical guidance\u2014update of the criteria used in the assessment of bacterial resistance to antibiotics of human or veterinary importance","volume":"6","author":"European Food Safety, A","year":"2008","journal-title":"EFSA J"},{"key":"2026100609062258800_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-021-00440-6","article-title":"the International Scientific Association of Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP) consensus statement on the definition and scope of postbiotics","volume":"18","author":"Salminen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"2026100609062258800_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-016-0629-z","article-title":"Probiotics and microbiota composition","volume":"14","author":"Sanders","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"2026100609062258800_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2068","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btu153","article-title":"Prokka: rapid prokaryotic genome annotation","volume":"30","author":"Seemann","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"2026100609062258800_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01140-07","article-title":"Lipoteichoic acid is important in innate immune responses to gram-positive bacteria","volume":"76","author":"Seo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"2026100609062258800_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3595","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02083-06","article-title":"Functional analysis of D-alanylation of lipoteichoic acid in the probiotic strain Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG","volume":"73","author":"Perea\u00a0Ve\u0301lez","year":"2007","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microb"},{"key":"2026100609062258800_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2007.06.011","article-title":"from bacterial genome to functionality; case bifidobacteria","volume":"120","author":"Ventura","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int J Food Microbiol"},{"key":"2026100609062258800_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/s12950-021-00272-w","article-title":"Lactobacillus fermentum CQPC07 attenuates obesity, inflammation and dyslipidemia by modulating the antioxidant capacity and lipid metabolism in high-fat diet induced obese mice","volume":"18","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Inflamm"},{"key":"2026100609062258800_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1574","DOI":"10.1038\/s12276-020-00502-w","article-title":"Lactobacillus fermentum promotes adipose tissue oxidative phosphorylation to protect against diet-induced obesity","volume":"52","author":"Yoon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Exp Mol Med"},{"key":"2026100609062258800_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2019.02.044","article-title":"Lactobacillus fermentum and its potential immunomodulatory properties","volume":"56","author":"Zhao","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Funct Foods"},{"key":"2026100609062258800_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D871","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkae968","article-title":"VFDB 2025: an integrated resource for exploring anti-virulence compounds","volume":"53","author":"Zhou","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"2026100609062258800_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms7070194","article-title":"Anti-Obesity Effects of Lactobacillus fermentum CQPC05 Isolated from Sichuan Pickle in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice through PPAR-\u03b1 Signaling Pathway","volume":"7","author":"Zhu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"2026100609062258800_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2189","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12082189","article-title":"Postbiotics-a step beyond pre- and probiotics","volume":"12","author":"\u017b\u00f3\u0142kiewicz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutrients"}],"container-title":["Letters in Applied Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/lambio\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/lambio\/ovag080\/71519006\/ovag080.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/lambio\/article-pdf\/79\/10\/ovag080\/71519006\/ovag080.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/lambio\/article-pdf\/79\/10\/ovag080\/71519006\/ovag080.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T13:06:31Z","timestamp":1791291991000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/lambio\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/lambio\/ovag080\/8853760"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/lambio\/ovag080","relation":{},"ISSN":["1472-765X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1472-765X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]},"article-number":"ovag080"}}