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Our study reveals that during TRF, female livers are more likely to break down amino acids (AAs) to synthesize fats, while male livers significantly reduce fatty acid synthesis. The changes in the liver\u2019s AA metabolic profile after gonadectomy suggest that estrogen signaling is crucial for regulating AA metabolism in females during TRF. Additionally, we demonstrate that hepatic estrogen receptor \u03b1 (ER\u03b1)-mediated AA metabolism contributes to the sex-specific effects of TRF on liver metabolism. These findings offer new insights into the molecular mechanisms of TRF and its potential clinical application for treating fatty liver and other metabolic disorders. They also emphasize the need to consider sex differences when developing nutritional and pharmacological treatments for metabolic diseases in females.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/lifemeta\/loaf011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,29]],"date-time":"2025-03-29T08:36:55Z","timestamp":1743237415000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Liver ER\u03b1 mediates sex differences in metabolic pattern changes in response to time-restricted feeding"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Haoqi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu, Sichuan 611130 ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu, Sichuan 611130 ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Sichuan 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