{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,21]],"date-time":"2025-08-21T18:00:10Z","timestamp":1755799210059,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,15]],"date-time":"2025-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752537600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Deciphering the nanoscale architecture of mosquito wings is crucial for understanding species-specific flight adaptations and vectorial behaviors. In this study, we present a comprehensive quantitative analysis of the wing surface morphology of Anopheles darlingi and Anopheles aquasalis. By integrating high-resolution microscopy with Minkowski functionals and multifractal formalism, we reveal pronounced interspecific and dorso-ventral asymmetries in mosquito wing surfaces at both micro- and nanoscales. Atomic force microscopic topographies revealed distinct differences in dorsal versus ventral surface roughness, with An. aquasalis displaying higher elevation variance and denser nanomorphological heterogeneity. Minkowski volume and boundary descriptors showed slower decay and broader distribution for An. aquasalis, especially on its dorsal side, indicative of complex topographic relief. Multifractal spectra, derived from the box-counting method across q = \u221210 to +10, exhibited larger width (\u0394\u03b1 \u2248 1.073) and stronger left-symmetry (H \u2248 \u22120.852) in An. aquasalis, compared to narrower and more symmetric spectra in An. darlingi (\u0394\u03b1 \u2248 1.009; H \u2248 \u22120.532). Generalized fractal dimensions (D0 \u2248 2.00; D2 range: 1.951\u20131.982) and singularity spectra asymmetry (\u0394f up to \u22121.732) further differentiated species and wing sides. These multiscale descriptors demonstrate that An. aquasalis, particularly its ventral surface, harbors higher degrees of nanomorphological complexity and textural irregularity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/mam\/ozaf071","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,19]],"date-time":"2025-08-19T17:07:41Z","timestamp":1755623261000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Unveiling the Nanomorphological Architecture of Malaria Vectors\u2019 Wings via Minkowski and Multifractal Formalisms"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4775-3005","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Glenda Quaresma","family":"Ramos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Multiusu\u00e1rio Para An\u00e1lise de Fen\u00f4menos Biom\u00e9dicos (CMABio), Universidade do Estado do Amazonas\u2014UEA , Manaus, AM 69065-001 ,","place":["Brazil"]},{"name":"Unidade de Entomologia Nelson Ferreira F\u00e9 (UENFF), Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de 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Manaus, AM 69040-000 ,","place":["Brazil"]},{"name":"Instituto Le\u00f4nidas & Maria Deane, FIOCRUZ-Amaz\u00f4nia , Manaus, AM 69057-070 ,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rosa Am\u00e9lia Gon\u00e7alves","family":"Santana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidade de Entomologia Nelson Ferreira F\u00e9 (UENFF), Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Medicina Tropical Doutor Heitor Vieira Dourado (FMT-HVD) , Manaus, AM 69040-000 ,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Silvia C\u00e1ssia Brand\u00e3o","family":"Justiniano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidade de Entomologia Nelson Ferreira F\u00e9 (UENFF), Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Medicina Tropical Doutor Heitor Vieira Dourado (FMT-HVD) , Manaus, AM 69040-000 ,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kildare Rocha 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