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Polymitarcyidae mayfly nymphs (Ephemeroptera) are known to secrete silk for constructing and lining their tunnels. However, the organ responsible for silk production in this ancient insect lineage is poorly understood. This study provides the first histological, histochemical, and ultrastructural analysis of the Malpighian tubules in Polymitarcyidae (Campsurus truncatus, Campsurus sp., and Tortopsis canum), identified as the likely source of their silk. We found specialized cells with characteristics of intense protein synthesis and secretion in the distal regions of the tubules in all examined species. These findings represent the first detailed evidence confirming the Malpighian tubules as the site of silk production in Ephemeroptera, establishing a foundation for further studies on silk gland evolution in insects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/mam\/ozaf121","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,22]],"date-time":"2025-11-22T13:01:59Z","timestamp":1763816519000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Evidence of Silk-production in the Malpighian Tubules of Campsurinae (Ephemeroptera: Polymitarcyidae) Nymphs"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1769-6070","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriel Martins","family":"Pantoja","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Entomologia e Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro , Serop\u00e9dica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. BR 465 Avenue, Km 7, no number, Serop\u00e9dica, Rio de Janeiro 23890-000 ,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2129-6635","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mateus Soares","family":"de Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Biologia Celular e Estrutural, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Vi\u00e7osa , Vi\u00e7osa, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Peter Henry Rolfs Avenue, no number, Campus Universit\u00e1rio, Vi\u00e7osa, Minas Gerais 36570-900 ,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4180-1130","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Paula Pereira","family":"Raimundo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Biologia Celular e Estrutural, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Vi\u00e7osa , Vi\u00e7osa, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Peter Henry Rolfs Avenue, no number, Campus Universit\u00e1rio, Vi\u00e7osa, Minas Gerais 36570-900 ,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0477-4252","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Eduardo","family":"Serr\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Vi\u00e7osa , Vi\u00e7osa, Minas Gerais, Brazil. 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