{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T23:42:36Z","timestamp":1777765356499,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773792000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":15,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a transient pregnancy disorder marked by insulin resistance and oxidative stress. In type 1 and 2 diabetes, reduced red blood cell (RBC) membrane fluidity, measured by Laurdan-GP, associates with vascular risk, but its role in GDM is unclear. This study compared GP with intrinsic RBC autofluorescence (green-to-red ratio, AFG,R) to identify a better marker of metabolic stress in GDM. Forty-eight pregnant women were enrolled (31 GDM, 17 controls). High-resolution multispectral confocal imaging quantified RBC GP and AFG,R. A machine-learning pipeline analyzed core, membrane, and whole-cell metrics, alongside clinical and biochemical data. Logistic regression assessed associations with GDM. GP did not differ between groups (0.60 \u00b1 0.04 versus 0.61 \u00b1 0.04; p = 0.168), unlike the reductions reported in chronic diabetes. Conversely, AFG,R values were higher in GDM across compartments (core: \u22120.073 \u00b1 0.202 versus \u22120.154 \u00b1 0.060; membrane: 0.013 \u00b1 0.198 versus \u22120.066 \u00b1 0.075; p = 0.049). In multivariable analysis, AFG,R Core independently predicted GDM status (p = 0.018), outperforming clinical and hematological markers. In GDM, membrane fluidity remains unchanged, but RBC autofluorescence reflects acute oxidative stress, supporting its use as a non-invasive, repeatable complement to OGTT for early risk assessment and monitoring.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/mam\/ozag016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T17:36:39Z","timestamp":1773855399000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Label-Free Imaging of Red Blood Cells in Gestational Diabetes: Autofluorescence Captures Oxidative Stress Beyond Membrane Fluidity"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-5299-7660","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessia","family":"Riente","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Metabolic Intelligence Lab, Department of Neuroscience, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore , Largo Francesco Vito, 1, Rome, 00168 ,","place":["Italy"]},{"name":"UOC Physics for Life Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario \u201cA. Gemelli\u201d IRCCS , Largo Agostino Gemelli, 8, Rome, 00168 ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Caterina","family":"Neri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":", Fondazione Policlinico Universitario \"A. Gemelli\" IRCCS Department of Women and Child Health, Women Health Area , Largo Agostino Gemelli, 8, Rome, 00168 ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-5992-0201","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Duaa","family":"Hatem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Metabolic Intelligence Lab, Department of Neuroscience, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore , Largo Francesco Vito, 1, Rome, 00168 ,","place":["Italy"]},{"name":"UOC Physics for Life Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario \u201cA. Gemelli\u201d IRCCS , Largo Agostino Gemelli, 8, Rome, 00168 ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7306-8004","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cassandra","family":"Serantoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Metabolic Intelligence Lab, Department of Neuroscience, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore , Largo Francesco Vito, 1, Rome, 00168 ,","place":["Italy"]},{"name":"UOC Physics for Life Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario \u201cA. Gemelli\u201d IRCCS , Largo Agostino Gemelli, 8, Rome, 00168 ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-7712-7576","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michele Maria","family":"De Giulio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Metabolic Intelligence Lab, Department of Neuroscience, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore , Largo Francesco Vito, 1, Rome, 00168 ,","place":["Italy"]},{"name":"UOC Physics for Life Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario \u201cA. Gemelli\u201d IRCCS , Largo Agostino Gemelli, 8, Rome, 00168 ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-4576-617X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Davide Archelao","family":"Dess\u00ec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":", Fondazione Policlinico Universitario \"A. Gemelli\" IRCCS Department of Women and Child Health, Women Health Area , Largo Agostino Gemelli, 8, Rome, 00168 ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Davide","family":"Manieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":", Fondazione Policlinico Universitario \"A. Gemelli\" IRCCS Department of Women and Child Health, Women Health Area , Largo Agostino Gemelli, 8, Rome, 00168 ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Rizzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes Care Unit, Fondazione Policlinico \"A. Gemelli\" IRCCS - Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Agostino Gemelli, 8, Rome, 00168 ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Linda","family":"Tartaglione","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes Care Unit, Fondazione Policlinico \"A. Gemelli\" IRCCS - Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Agostino Gemelli, 8, Rome, 00168 ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lorenzo Lucacchini","family":"Paoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes Care Unit, Fondazione Policlinico \"A. Gemelli\" IRCCS - Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Agostino Gemelli, 8, Rome, 00168 ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4260-5107","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"De Spirito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Metabolic Intelligence Lab, Department of Neuroscience, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore , Largo Francesco Vito, 1, Rome, 00168 ,","place":["Italy"]},{"name":"UOC Physics for Life Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario \u201cA. Gemelli\u201d IRCCS , Largo Agostino Gemelli, 8, Rome, 00168 ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2154-319X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Maulucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Metabolic Intelligence Lab, Department of Neuroscience, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore , Largo Francesco Vito, 1, Rome, 00168 ,","place":["Italy"]},{"name":"UOC Physics for Life Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario \u201cA. Gemelli\u201d IRCCS , Largo Agostino Gemelli, 8, Rome, 00168 ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6220-686X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dario","family":"Pitocco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes Care Unit, Fondazione Policlinico \"A. 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