{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T08:54:51Z","timestamp":1790844891266,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788825600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A type of freshwater pearl, measuring approximately 6\u2005mm in diameter, was systematically investigated using multiple complementary techniques, including optical spectroscopy, X-ray-based methods, thermal analysis, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The nuclei were classified into type I (composed primarily of barite and organic matter) and type II (composed mainly of calcite and organic matter). The resulting nacre was robust, with a thickness of approximately 0.76\u20131.00\u2005mm, exhibited periodic tree-ring-like Mn\/Sr bands with consistent enrichment of phosphorus. Interestingly, SEM observations revealed that, in the radial direction from the inner to the outer part of the nacre, a transition zone with a thickness of approximately 20\u2005\u03bcm existed near the nucleus, where the structure gradually transitioned from a microstructurally disordered morphology through a quasi-tablet region to a regular aragonite platelet organization. This study provides a theoretical foundation for the commercial cultivation of innovative pearls using novel nucleus materials and establishes a technical framework for their rapid, accurate, and non-destructive identification. Most importantly, the observed mineralization features within the nacre adjacent to the nucleus offer novel insights into fundamental biomineralization processes and may inspire the biomimetic design of nacre-like materials with superior mechanical properties.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/mam\/ozag099","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T11:20:06Z","timestamp":1786965606000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Unveiling Distinct Gemological and Microstructural Features of Freshwater Cultured Pearls With Novel Composite Nuclei"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Wubang","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang Fangyuan Test Group Co., Ltd. , Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310013 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaobo","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Mechanical Engineering, Beihua University , Jilin, Jilin Province 132021 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xianchao","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310014 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinran","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang Fangyuan Test Group Co., Ltd. , Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310013 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinyu","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang Fangyuan Test Group Co., Ltd. , Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310013 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuejun","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang Fangyuan Test Group Co., Ltd. , Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310013 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