{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T15:10:37Z","timestamp":1788534637633,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,20]],"date-time":"2023-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1679270400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The adverse impact of schistosomiasis on tissues is considered in generating a schistosomal vaccine. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Schistosoma mansoni crude antigens as a therapeutic and prophylactic formulation in the inhibition of heat shock protein, apoptosis, and CD3\/CD20 expression in a liver and spleen mouse models using the immunohistochemistry method. A total of 65 mice were divided into five groups: (i) infected untreated group (G1), (ii) therapeutic treated group (G2) with egg soluble egg antigen (SEA), and soluble worm antigen preparation (SWAP), (iii) prophylactically treated group (G3) with cercarial antigen preparation (CAP), (iv) combined treated group with three antigens (G4), and (v) control group (G5). The results we obtained showed that CAP, SEA, and SWAP antigens mitigated the deterioration and inflammation induced by infection. Apoptosis and sinusoidal injuries were significantly reduced when treated with CAP antigen before infection. After infection, using SEA and SWAP antigens may help lighten the liver's load. A high degree of activation in T and B cells in the liver and spleen is linked to this. Our findings shed light on the immunological mechanisms that contribute to the recovery from therapy and vaccination against schistosome damage.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/micmic\/ozac053","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,20]],"date-time":"2023-03-20T13:38:15Z","timestamp":1679319495000},"page":"739-753","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["The Efficiency of<i>Schistosoma mansoni<\/i>Crude Antigens in Inhibition of Heat Shock Protein, Apoptosis, and Lysosomal Activity: An Immunohistochemical Study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8678-5029","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sulaiman Mohammed","family":"Alnasser","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University , Buraydah 52571 , Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meshal","family":"Alotaibi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, University of Hafr Albatin , Hafr Albatin 39524, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nancy K","family":"Ramadan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Health Research Institute , Assiut Branch, Assiut 71526 , Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2547-0709","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hanan H","family":"Abd ElHafeez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of cell and tissues, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University , Assiut 71526 , Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1069-5806","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara Salah","family":"Abdel-Hakeem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Parasitology Laboratory, Zoology and Entamology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University , Assiut , Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,20]]},"reference":[{"issue":"17","key":"2023040512121817900_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5598","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27175598","article-title":"Therapeutic versus preventative use of Ginkgo biloba Extract (EGb 761) against indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer in mice","volume":"27","author":"Abd-Eldayem","year":"2022","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"issue":"5","key":"2023040512121817900_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1251","DOI":"10.1017\/S1431927621012265","article-title":"Endocrine, stemness, proliferative, and proteolytic properties of alarm cells in ruby-red-fin shark (rainbow shark), Epalzeorhynchos frenatum (Teleostei: Cyprinidae)","volume":"27","author":"Abd-Elhafeez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Microsc Microanal"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023040512121817900_","first-page":"10","article-title":"Prediction of long term humoral and cellular immune response: A comparison of three Schistosoma mansoni antigens","volume":"1","author":"Abdel-Hakeem","year":"2019","journal-title":"Res Rev J Med Chem"},{"issue":"4","key":"2023040512121817900_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1017\/S1431927620001695","article-title":"An insight into the potential parasitological effect of Schistosoma mansoni antigens in infected mice: Prophylactic role of cercarial antigen","volume":"26","author":"Abdel-Hakeem","year":"2020","journal-title":"Microsc Microanal"},{"issue":"6","key":"2023040512121817900_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182020000347","article-title":"Heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) in Schistosoma mansoni and its role in decreased adult worm sensitivity to praziquantel","volume":"147","author":"Abou-El-Naga","year":"2020","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"issue":"6","key":"2023040512121817900_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.85.6.648","article-title":"Competition of antigens: I. 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