{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T20:31:47Z","timestamp":1790800307285,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,13]],"date-time":"2023-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676246400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) has harmful impacts on various organs, including the intestine. Lemongrass essential oil (LGEO) has anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, antibacterial, and immunomodulatory effects. This study investigated the impact of PFOS on the mucosa of the jejunum of rats and evaluated LGEO\u2019s protective impact. Four groups of rats were created: control, LGEO (100 mg\/kg\/day), PFOS (5 mg\/kg\/day), and LGEO-PFOS group. The agents were given orally for 28 days. Oxidative stress parameters, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and caspase-3 were measured in jejunal homogenates. Rat jejunal sections were evaluated histologically (light and electron microscopic examination) and immunohistochemically [for tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 (TNF-\u03b1), Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2), and Bcl2]. PFOS significantly elevated oxidative stress, pro-inflammatory cytokines, caspase-3, and gene expression of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) and inducible nitric oxide synthetase (iNOS). The disturbed architecture of jejunal villi and crypts was demonstrated. Immunohistochemically, a significant rise in TNF-\u03b1, PCNA, and COX2 and a significant decrease in Bcl2 expression were revealed compared to control group. Further ultrastructural alterations included dilated RER, mitochondria with destroyed cristae, vacuolated cytoplasm, and shrunken condensed nuclei of enterocytes. LGEO treatment significantly reduced these harmful effects. LGEO protected against PFOS\u2013induced jejunal damage by reducing the oxidative, inflammatory, and apoptotic impacts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/micmic\/ozad009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,13]],"date-time":"2023-02-13T03:51:45Z","timestamp":1676260305000},"page":"841-857","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Lemongrass Essential Oil Attenuates Perfluorooctane Sulfonate-Induced Jejunal Mucosal Injury in Rat: A Histological, Immunohistochemical, and Biochemical Study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5233-1990","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amany Mohamed","family":"Shalaby","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University , Tanta 31527 , Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdulfatah Mohammed","family":"Albakkosh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Laboratory Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Elmergib University , Al khums 40414, Libya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rania H","family":"Shalaby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University , Tanta 31527 , Egypt"},{"name":"Biomedical Sciences Department, Dubai Medical College for Girls , Dubai 20170, United Arab Emarates"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6006-3711","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed Ali","family":"Alabiad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University , Zagazig 44519 , Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amira Mostafa","family":"Elshamy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University , Tanta 31527 , Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Alorini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Unaizah College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Qassim University , Unaizah 51911, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatima A","family":"Jaber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Jeddah , Jeddah 21589 , Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shereen Elsayed","family":"Tawfeek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anatomy Department, College of Medicine, Jouf University , Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Human Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University , Zagazig 44519 , 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