{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T20:40:27Z","timestamp":1772138427740,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,4]],"date-time":"2023-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677888000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This article outlines a global study conducted by the Association of Biomedical Resource Facilities (ABRF) Light Microscopy Research Group (LMRG). The results present a novel 3D tissue-like biologically relevant standard sample that is affordable and straightforward to prepare. Detailed sample preparation, instrument-specific image acquisition protocols and image analysis methods are presented and made available to the community. The standard consists of sub-resolution and large well characterized relative intensity fluorescence microspheres embedded in a 120 \u00b5m thick 3D gel with a refractive index of 1.365. The standard allows the evaluation of several properties as a function of depth. These include the following: 1) microscope resolution with automated analysis of the point-spread function (PSF), 2) automated signal-to-noise ratio analysis, 3) calibration and correction of fluorescence intensity loss, and 4) quantitative relative intensity. Results demonstrate expected refractive index mismatch dependent losses in intensity and resolution with depth, but the relative intensities of different objects at similar depths are maintained. This is a robust standard showing reproducible results across laboratories, microscope manufacturers and objective lens types (e.g., magnification, immersion medium). Thus, these tools will be valuable for the global community to benchmark fluorescence microscopes and will contribute to improved scientific rigor and reproducibility.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/micmic\/ozad014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,4]],"date-time":"2023-03-04T07:24:35Z","timestamp":1677914675000},"page":"616-634","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Tissue-Like 3D Standard and Protocols for Microscope Quality Management"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8164-2675","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benjamin","family":"Abrams","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Life Sciences Microscopy Center, University of California, Santa Cruz , 1156 High Street, 150 Sinsheimer Labs, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9632-918X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Pengo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Informatics Institute, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Cancer and Cardiovascular Research Building , 2231 6th St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55449 , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4141-3157","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tse-Luen","family":"Wee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced BioImaging Facility (ABIF), McGill University , 3649 Prom, Sir William Osler, Bellini Building, Room 137, Montreal, QC H3G 0B1 , Canada"},{"name":"Department of Physiology, McGill University , 3655 Promenade Sir-William-Osler, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1Y6 , Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9058-2638","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rebecca C","family":"Deagle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced BioImaging Facility (ABIF), McGill University , 3649 Prom, Sir William Osler, Bellini Building, Room 137, Montreal, QC H3G 0B1 , Canada"},{"name":"Department of Physiology, McGill University , 3655 Promenade Sir-William-Osler, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1Y6 , Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nelly","family":"Vuillemin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced BioImaging Facility (ABIF), McGill University , 3649 Prom, Sir William Osler, Bellini Building, Room 137, Montreal, QC H3G 0B1 , Canada"},{"name":"Department of Physiology, McGill University , 3655 Promenade Sir-William-Osler, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1Y6 , Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7497-8074","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Linda M","family":"Callahan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience, Univ. 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