{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T23:03:01Z","timestamp":1773702181718,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,8]],"date-time":"2023-06-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686182400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"name":"Brazilian funding agency FAPERJ"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>This study provides a microanalytical characterization of pigment fragments from the painting \u201cAllegory to the Arts\u201d and two portraits, \u201cRubens\u201d and \u201cTintoretto,\u201d by L\u00e9on Palli\u00e8re. The fragments were surface-analyzed using several near-surface methods to acquire information on the materials and determine the painting techniques utilized before the restoration. Scanning electron microscopy\/energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (SEM\/EDS), Raman spectroscopy coupled to an optical microscope (Raman microprobe), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) revealed organic materials, hydrocerussite (Pb3(CO3)2(OH)2), cerussite (PbCO3), zincite (ZnO), chalcopyrite (CuFeS2), nepheline (K(Na,K)3AlSi4O16), calcite (CaCO3), brookite (TiO2), kinoshitalite (Ba3(Si2Al2)O10(OH)2), hematite (Fe2O3), barium magnesium silicate (Ba2Mg(Si2O7)), and aluminosilicates. Also identified were vermilion\/cinnabar (HgS), copper phthalocyanine blue (C32H16CuN8), and mendipite (Pb3Cl2O2), in addition to the use of gold leaf in one of the artworks. SEM\/EDS provided information on the chemical composition and surface morphology of the fragments, and XRD revealed crystalline raw materials (minerals or their synthetic analogs) used in the paintings. Raman microprobe was particularly useful in identifying pigments, providing a uniquely specific and sensitive means of identifying inorganic and organic compounds.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/micmic\/ozad062","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,8]],"date-time":"2023-06-08T04:23:49Z","timestamp":1686198229000},"page":"1315-1327","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Multitechnique Characterization of Pigments Used in Paintings by L\u00e9on Palli\u00e8re"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Guadalupe","family":"do Nascimento Campos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Museum of Astronomy (MAST) , Rua General Bruce 586, Bairro Imperial de S\u00e3o Crist\u00f3v\u00e3o, Rio de Janeiro 20921-030 , Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcus","family":"Granato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Museum of Astronomy (MAST) , Rua General Bruce 586, Bairro Imperial de S\u00e3o Crist\u00f3v\u00e3o, Rio de Janeiro 20921-030 , Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0191-5726","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonieta","family":"Middea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Mineral Technology (CETEM) , Av. Pedro Calmon, 900, Cidade Universit\u00e1ria, Rio de Janeiro 21941-908 , Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fernando","family":"de Souza Gon\u00e7alves Vasques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Mineral Technology (CETEM) , Av. Pedro Calmon, 900, Cidade Universit\u00e1ria, Rio de Janeiro 21941-908 , Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6472-3625","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Otavio","family":"da Fonseca Martins Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Mineral Technology (CETEM) , Av. Pedro Calmon, 900, Cidade Universit\u00e1ria, Rio de Janeiro 21941-908 , Brazil"},{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Geosciences, National Museum, UFRJ , Av. 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