{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T15:30:11Z","timestamp":1792423811305,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,29]],"date-time":"2023-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1703808000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Triphenyltin chloride (TPT-Cl) is an organometallic organotin. This study aimed to investigate the role of trigonelline (TG) along with the impact of TPT withdrawal on the testicular toxicity induced by TPT-Cl. Thirty-six adult male albino rats were divided into control, TG (40\u2005mg\/kg\/day), TPT-Cl (0.5\u2005mg\/kg\/day), TG + TPT-Cl, and recovery groups. Animals were daily gavaged for 12 weeks. Both TG and TPT-Cl withdrawal improved TPT-Cl-induced testicular toxicity features involving testis and relative testis weight reduction, luteinizing hormone, follicular stimulating hormone, and sex hormone-binding globulin elevation, reduction of inhibin B, free testosterone levels, and sperm count reduction with increased abnormal sperm forms. Moreover, both TG and TPT-Cl withdrawal reduced inflammatory activin A, follistatin, tumor necrosis factor \u03b1, interleukin-1\u03b2, and proapoptotic Bax and elevated antiapoptotic Bcl2 in testicular tissues mediated by TPT-Cl. TG and TPT-Cl withdrawal restored the excessive autophagy triggered by TPT-Cl via elevation of mTOR, AKT, PI3K, and P62\/SQSTM1 and reduction of AMPK, ULK1, Beclin1, and LC3 mRNA gene expressions and regained the deteriorated testicular structure. In conclusion, TG and TPT-Cl withdrawal had an ameliorative role in partially reversing TPT-Cl-induced testicular toxicity. However, the findings indicated that the use of TG as an adjunctive factor is more favorable than TPT-Cl withdrawal, suggesting the capability of the testis for partial self-improvement.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/micmic\/ozad137","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,29]],"date-time":"2023-12-29T12:24:39Z","timestamp":1703852679000},"page":"133-150","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Trigonelline Chloride Ameliorated Triphenyltin-Induced Testicular Autophagy, Inflammation, and Apoptosis: Role of Recovery"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Arwa A","family":"Elsheikh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University , Zagazig 44519 , Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amany Mohamed","family":"Shalaby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University , Tanta 31527 , Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8415-4474","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed Ali","family":"Alabiad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University , Zagazig 44519 , Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noha Ali","family":"Abd-Almotaleb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University , Zagazig 44519 , Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Alorini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Unaizah College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Qassim University , Unaizah 51911 , Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8678-5029","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sulaiman Mohammed","family":"Alnasser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University , Buraydah 51911 , Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ibtesam","family":"Elhasadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Benghazi , Benghazi , Libya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samah A","family":"El-Nagdy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University , Zagazig 44519 , Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,29]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"2024030721392249700_ozad137-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.2001.01644.x","article-title":"Interleukin-1 beta enhances and interferon-gamma suppresses activin A actions by reciprocally regulating activin A and follistatin secretion from bone marrow stromal fibroblasts","volume":"126","author":"Abe","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"2024030721392249700_ozad137-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1097\/PAI.0000000000000903","article-title":"Expression of immune checkpoint regulators, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4, and programmed death-ligand 1 in Epstein\u2013Barr virus-associated nasopharyngeal carcinoma","volume":"29","author":"Ahmed","year":"2021","journal-title":"Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol"},{"key":"2024030721392249700_ozad137-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6762709","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/6762709","article-title":"Green Coffea arabica extract ameliorates testicular injury in high-fat diet\/streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats","volume":"2020","author":"Al-Megrin","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Diabetes Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"2024030721392249700_ozad137-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1097\/PAI.0000000000000905","article-title":"The usefulness of 4 immunoperoxidase stains applied to urinary cytology samples in the pathologic stage of urothelial carcinoma: A study with histologic correlation","volume":"29","author":"Alabiad","year":"2021","journal-title":"Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol"},{"key":"2024030721392249700_ozad137-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104670","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2021.104670","article-title":"Prognostic and clinicopathological significance of TMEFF2, SMOC-2, and SOX17 expression in endometrial carcinoma","volume":"122","author":"Alabiad","year":"2021","journal-title":"Exp Mol Pathol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024030721392249700_ozad137-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1007\/s12253-018-0534-1","article-title":"Prognostic and clinic-pathological significances of SCF and COX-2 expression in inflammatory and malignant prostatic lesions","volume":"25","author":"Alabiad","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pathol Oncol Res"},{"key":"2024030721392249700_ozad137-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119031","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.119031","article-title":"Activation of autophagy by sitagliptin attenuates cadmium-induced testicular impairment in rats: Targeting AMPK\/mTOR and Nrf2\/HO-1 pathways","volume":"269","author":"Arab","year":"2021","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024030721392249700_ozad137-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12222","article-title":"Adult exposure to tributyltin affects hypothalamic neuropeptide Y, Y1 receptor distribution, and circulating leptin in mice","volume":"4","author":"Bo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Andrology"},{"key":"2024030721392249700_ozad137-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2107","DOI":"10.1007\/s00217-018-3119-z","article-title":"Evaluation of antifibrotic effects of coffee and cocoa extracts in rats with thioacetamide-induced fibrosis","volume":"244","author":"Budryn","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur Food Res Technol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2024030721392249700_ozad137-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1007\/s10495-012-0709-2","article-title":"Apoptosis, necrosis and autophagy are influenced by metabolic energy sources in cultured rat spermatocytes","volume":"17","author":"Bustamante-Mar\u00edn","year":"2012","journal-title":"Apoptosis"},{"issue":"11","key":"2024030721392249700_ozad137-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5804","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22115804","article-title":"Autophagy modulators in cancer therapy","volume":"22","author":"Buzun","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024030721392249700_ozad137-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1186\/s13098-022-00798-w","article-title":"Trigonelline reverses high glucose-induced proliferation, fibrosis of mesangial cells via modulation of Wnt signaling pathway","volume":"14","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diabetol Metab Syndr"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024030721392249700_ozad137-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1097\/shk.0b013e318123e4d0","article-title":"Insulin regulates macrophage activation through activin A","volume":"29","author":"Cuschieri","year":"2008","journal-title":"Shock"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024030721392249700_ozad137-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2004.11.063","article-title":"Therapeutic potential of Follistatin for colonic inflammation in mice","volume":"128","author":"Dohi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"10","key":"2024030721392249700_ozad137-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1422","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers11101422","article-title":"The emerging roles of mTORC1 in macromanaging autophagy","volume":"11","author":"Dossou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"issue":"23","key":"2024030721392249700_ozad137-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4701","DOI":"10.1038\/emboj.2011.398","article-title":"Autophagy-based unconventional secretory pathway for extracellular delivery of IL-1\u03b2","volume":"30","author":"Dupont","year":"2011","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"2024030721392249700_ozad137-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.2147\/JEP.S358571","article-title":"Testicular toxicity of chloroxylenol in rats: Biochemical, pathological and flow cytometric study","volume":"14","author":"El-Naggar","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Exp Pharmacol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024030721392249700_ozad137-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1097\/PGP.0000000000000683","article-title":"Evaluation of apoptosis, proliferation, and adhesion molecule expression in trophoblastic tissue of women with recurrent spontaneous abortion and infected with Toxoplasma gondii","volume":"40","author":"Elsalam","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Gynecol Pathol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024030721392249700_ozad137-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e22976","DOI":"10.1002\/jbt.22976","article-title":"Possible protective effects of CO Q10 against vincristine-induced peripheral neuropathy: Targeting oxidative stress, inflammation, and sarmoptosis","volume":"36","author":"Elshamy","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Biochem Mol Toxicol"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"2024030721392249700_ozad137-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/S0890-6238(97)00007-5","article-title":"Effects of triphenyltin chloride on implantation and pregnancy in rats","volume":"11","author":"Ema","year":"1997","journal-title":"Reprod Toxicol"},{"key":"2024030721392249700_ozad137-B21","author":"Farah","year":"2019"},{"issue":"18","key":"2024030721392249700_ozad137-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3675","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.00079-13","article-title":"Role of membrane association and Atg14-dependent phosphorylation in beclin-1-mediated autophagy","volume":"33","author":"Fogel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"2024030721392249700_ozad137-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-443-10279-0.50016-6","volume-title":"Theory and Practice of Histological Techniques","author":"Gamble","year":"2008"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024030721392249700_ozad137-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1006\/taap.2000.9076","article-title":"Organotins induce apoptosis by disturbance of [Ca2+] i and mitochondrial activity, causing oxidative stress and activation of caspases in rat thymocytes","volume":"169","author":"Gennari","year":"2000","journal-title":"Toxicol Appl Pharmacol"},{"key":"2024030721392249700_ozad137-B25","author":"Gewirtz","year":"2014"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024030721392249700_ozad137-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2004.05.003","article-title":"Effects of organotin compounds on pubertal male rats","volume":"202","author":"Grote","year":"2004","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"issue":"7","key":"2024030721392249700_ozad137-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcb.2011.03.007","article-title":"Autophagy and apoptosis: What is the connection?","volume":"21","author":"Gump","year":"2011","journal-title":"Trends Cell Biol"},{"key":"2024030721392249700_ozad137-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2021.102227","article-title":"Induction of autophagy via the ROS-dependent AMPK-mTOR pathway protects copper-induced spermatogenesis disorder","volume":"49","author":"Guo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Redox Biol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2024030721392249700_ozad137-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox9050408","article-title":"Comparison of the antioxidant activities and volatile compounds of coffee beans obtained using digestive bio-processing (elephant dung coffee) and commonly known processing methods","volume":"9","author":"Haile","year":"2020","journal-title":"Antioxidants (Basel)"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024030721392249700_ozad137-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-015-2087-8","article-title":"Mitophagy programs: Mechanisms and physiological implications of mitochondrial targeting by autophagy","volume":"73","author":"Hamacher-Brady","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024030721392249700_ozad137-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.111.092593","article-title":"Diverse roles for sex hormone-binding globulin in reproduction","volume":"85","author":"Hammond","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024030721392249700_ozad137-B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1111\/and.12435","article-title":"Fenugreek seed extract attenuates cisplatin-induced testicular damage in Wistar rats","volume":"48","author":"Hamza","year":"2016","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"2024030721392249700_ozad137-B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2011.09.031","article-title":"Regulation of activin and inhibin in the adult testis and the evidence for functional roles in spermatogenesis and immunoregulation","volume":"359","author":"Hedger","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol"},{"key":"2024030721392249700_ozad137-B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-6413-2-14","article-title":"Is an increase in CD4\/CD8 T-cell ratio in lymph node fine needle aspiration helpful for diagnosing Hodgkin lymphoma? A study of 85 lymph node FNAs with increased CD4\/CD8 ratio","volume":"2","author":"Hernandez","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cytojournal"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024030721392249700_ozad137-B35","first-page":"77","article-title":"Masculinization of female gastropod mollusks induced by organotin compounds, focusing on mechanism of actions of tributyltin and triphenyltin for development of imposex","volume":"13","author":"Horiguchi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Environ Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024030721392249700_ozad137-B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/S1995-7645(14)60328-X","article-title":"Trigonelline protects the cardiocyte from hydrogen peroxide induced apoptosis in H9c2 cells","volume":"8","author":"Ilavenil","year":"2015","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Trop Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"2024030721392249700_ozad137-B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(03)00929-2","article-title":"TSC2 mediates cellular energy response to control cell growth and survival","volume":"115","author":"Inoki","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"41","key":"2024030721392249700_ozad137-B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16239","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0705971104","article-title":"Activin A is a critical component of the inflammatory response, and its binding protein, Follistatin, reduces mortality in endotoxemia","volume":"104","author":"Jones","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"2024030721392249700_ozad137-B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2011.01.014","article-title":"Regulation of Sertoli cell activin A and inhibin B by tumour necrosis factor \u03b1 and interleukin 1\u03b1: interaction with follicle-stimulating hormone\/adenosine 3,5- cyclic phosphate signalling","volume":"335","author":"Kazutaka","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol"},{"key":"2024030721392249700_ozad137-B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1093\/jee\/58.1.4","article-title":"Triphenyl tin compounds as insect reproduction inhibitors","volume":"58","author":"Kenaga","year":"1965","journal-title":"J Econ Entomol"},{"key":"2024030721392249700_ozad137-B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2022.153174","article-title":"The immune modulatory role of marjoram extract on imidacloprid induced toxic effects in thymus and spleen of adult rats","volume":"471","author":"Khayal","year":"2022","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"2024030721392249700_ozad137-B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817324","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/817324","article-title":"Trigonellae semen enhances sperm motility and the expression of the cation sperm channel proteins in mouse testes","volume":"2015","author":"Kim","year":"2015","journal-title":"Evid Based Complement Alternat Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024030721392249700_ozad137-B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.1410131","article-title":"Expression of inhibin subunit mRNAs and inhibin levels in the testes of rats with stage-synchronized spermatogenesis","volume":"141","author":"Klaij","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"8","key":"2024030721392249700_ozad137-B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e23882","DOI":"10.1002\/jcla.23882","article-title":"Clinical application value of inhibin B alone or in combination with other hormone indicators in subfertile men with different spermatogenesis status: A study of 324 Chinese men","volume":"35","author":"Kong","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Lab Anal"},{"key":"2024030721392249700_ozad137-B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111479","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2020.111479","article-title":"Triphenyltin chloride reduces the development of rat adrenal cortex during puberty","volume":"143","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Chem Toxicol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024030721392249700_ozad137-B46","first-page":"1331","article-title":"Trigonelline reduced diabetic nephropathy and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic rats through peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-\u03b3","volume":"18","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Exp Ther Med"},{"key":"2024030721392249700_ozad137-B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2018.00833","article-title":"Triphenyltin chloride delays Leydig cell maturation during puberty in rats","volume":"9","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"2024030721392249700_ozad137-B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2018.08.025","article-title":"Trigonelline inhibits caspase 3 to protect \u03b2 cells apoptosis in streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetic mice","volume":"836","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"2024030721392249700_ozad137-B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112506","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2021.112506","article-title":"Co-exposure to fluoride and arsenic disrupts intestinal flora balance and induces testicular autophagy in offspring rats","volume":"222","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol Environ Saf"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024030721392249700_ozad137-B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1006\/meth.2001.1262","article-title":"Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2\u2212\u0394\u0394CT method","volume":"25","author":"Livak","year":"2001","journal-title":"Methods"},{"issue":"5\u20136","key":"2024030721392249700_ozad137-B51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1159\/000503728","article-title":"Trigonelline through the attenuation of oxidative stress exerts antidepressant- and anxiolytic-like effects in a mouse model of maternal separation stress","volume":"105","author":"Lorigooini","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pharmacology"},{"key":"2024030721392249700_ozad137-B52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134726","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.134726","article-title":"Triphenyltin disrupts the testicular microenvironment and reduces sperm quality in adult male rats","volume":"301","author":"Lu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"2024030721392249700_ozad137-B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675419","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.675419","article-title":"Therapeutic potential of exploiting autophagy cascade against coronavirus infection","volume":"12","author":"Maity","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"2024030721392249700_ozad137-B54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1006\/dbio.2000.9625","article-title":"Regulation of germ cell and Sertoli cell development by activin, Follistatin, and FSH","volume":"220","author":"Meehan","year":"2000","journal-title":"Dev Biol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024030721392249700_ozad137-B55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.110.086231","article-title":"Activin A balances Sertoli and germ cell proliferation in the fetal mouse testis","volume":"84","author":"Mendis","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"2024030721392249700_ozad137-B56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2015.11.022","article-title":"Momordin Ic couples apoptosis with autophagy in human hepatoblastoma cancer cells by reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated PI3K\/Akt and MAPK signaling pathways","volume":"90","author":"Mi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"key":"2024030721392249700_ozad137-B57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12700","DOI":"10.1111\/and.12700","article-title":"Morphological and ultrastructural studies of human spermatogonial stem cells from patients with maturation arrest","volume":"49","author":"Mirzapour","year":"2017","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024030721392249700_ozad137-B58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2013.09.003","article-title":"Tributyltin chloride induced testicular toxicity by JNK and p38 activation, redox imbalance and cell death in sertoli-germ cell co-culture","volume":"314","author":"Mitra","year":"2013","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"issue":"4944","key":"2024030721392249700_ozad137-B59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2106159","article-title":"Activin-binding protein from rat ovary is Follistatin","volume":"247","author":"Nakamura","year":"1990","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2024030721392249700_ozad137-B60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2019.02.010","article-title":"Stem Leydig cell regeneration in the adult rat testis is inhibited after a short-term triphenyltin exposure","volume":"306","author":"Ni","year":"2019","journal-title":"Toxicol Lett"},{"key":"2024030721392249700_ozad137-B61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2005.03.005","article-title":"Triphenyltin and tributyltin inhibit pig testicular 17\u03b2-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity and suppress testicular testosterone biosynthesis","volume":"70","author":"Ohno","year":"2005","journal-title":"Steroids"},{"key":"2024030721392249700_ozad137-B62","author":"Okoro","year":"2014"},{"key":"2024030721392249700_ozad137-B63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124325","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.07.056","article-title":"Paternal exposure to arsenic resulted in oxidative stress, autophagy, and mitochondrial impairments in the HPG axis of pubertal male offspring","volume":"236","author":"Ommati","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"2024030721392249700_ozad137-B64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1177\/0300985811415701","article-title":"Appropriate use of recovery groups in nonclinical toxicity studies: Value in a science-driven case-by-case approach","volume":"49","author":"Pandher","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vet Pathol"},{"key":"2024030721392249700_ozad137-B65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.5534\/wjmh.170004","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of a mixed extract of Trigonella foenum-graecum seed and Lespedeza cuneata in the treatment of testosterone deficiency syndrome: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial","volume":"36","author":"Park","year":"2018","journal-title":"World J Mens Health"},{"issue":"11","key":"2024030721392249700_ozad137-B66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1535","DOI":"10.1080\/14786419.2018.1523161","article-title":"Evaluation of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of green coffee beans methanolic extract in rat skin","volume":"34","author":"Pergolizzi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Prod Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024030721392249700_ozad137-B67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1530\/rep.0.1210207","article-title":"Significance of incorporating measures of sperm production and function into rat toxicology studies","volume":"121","author":"Perreault","year":"2001","journal-title":"Reproduction"},{"key":"2024030721392249700_ozad137-B68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2008.03.017","article-title":"Blood levels of organotin compounds and their relation to fish consumption in Finland","volume":"399","author":"Rantakokko","year":"2008","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024030721392249700_ozad137-B69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2013.12.014","article-title":"Interactions between autophagy receptors and ubiquitin-like proteins form the molecular basis for selective autophagy","volume":"53","author":"Rogov","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol Cell"},{"key":"2024030721392249700_ozad137-B70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etap.2005.06.004","article-title":"Effect of environmental contaminants on male reproduction","volume":"21","author":"Saradha","year":"2006","journal-title":"Environ Toxicol Pharmacol"},{"key":"2024030721392249700_ozad137-B71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.47.2.206","article-title":"4-Hydroxyisoleucine: A novel amino acid potentiator of insulin secretion","volume":"47","author":"Sauvaire","year":"1998","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"2024030721392249700_ozad137-B72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102248","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchemneu.2023.102248","article-title":"The neuroprotective effect of ginsenoside Rb1 on the cerebral cortex changes induced by aluminium chloride in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease: A histological, immunohistochemical, and biochemical study","volume":"129","author":"Shalaby","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Chem Neuroanat"},{"key":"2024030721392249700_ozad137-B73","volume-title":"Physiology and Disorders of Puberty. Williams Textbook of Endocrinology","author":"Styne","year":"2016"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024030721392249700_ozad137-B74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.10613","article-title":"Activin A stimulates IkappaB alpha\/NFkappaB and RANK expression for osteoclast differentiation, but not AKT survival pathway in osteoclast precursors","volume":"90","author":"Sugatani","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Cell Biochem"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024030721392249700_ozad137-B75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1999.0833","article-title":"Male sterility in transgenic mice expressing activin betaA subunit gene in testis","volume":"259","author":"Tanimoto","year":"1999","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"2024030721392249700_ozad137-B76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1865","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/den240","article-title":"Tumour necrosis factor-alpha released by testicular macrophages induces apoptosis of germ cells in autoimmune orchitis","volume":"23","author":"Theas","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"2024030721392249700_ozad137-B77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25278","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-020-08947-2","article-title":"Protective effect of quercetin on rat testes against cadmium toxicity by alleviating oxidative stress and autophagy","volume":"27","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ Sci Pollut Res Int"},{"key":"2024030721392249700_ozad137-B78","first-page":"318","article-title":"Long-term preservation of chilled canine semen using vitamin C in combination with green tea polyphenol","volume":"33","author":"Wittayarat","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cryo Lett"},{"key":"2024030721392249700_ozad137-B79","first-page":"1","article-title":"An overview of the molecular mechanism of autophagy","volume":"335","author":"Yang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr Top Microbiol Immunol"},{"key":"2024030721392249700_ozad137-B80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1846","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2010.04.018","article-title":"Protective role of propolis against reproductive toxicity of triphenyltin in male rabbits","volume":"48","author":"Yousef","year":"2010","journal-title":"Food Chem Toxicol"},{"issue":"8","key":"2024030721392249700_ozad137-B81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apjtm.2015.07.012","article-title":"Protection effect of trigonelline on liver of rats with nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases","volume":"8","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Trop Med"}],"container-title":["Microscopy and Microanalysis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/mam\/article-pdf\/30\/1\/133\/56904652\/ozad137.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/mam\/article-pdf\/30\/1\/133\/56904652\/ozad137.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,7]],"date-time":"2024-03-07T21:40:15Z","timestamp":1709847615000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/mam\/article\/30\/1\/133\/7503555"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,29]]},"references-count":81,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,29]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,7]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/micmic\/ozad137","relation":{},"ISSN":["1431-9276","1435-8115"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1431-9276","type":"print"},{"value":"1435-8115","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,29]]}}}