{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T21:31:29Z","timestamp":1781904689500,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9-10","funder":[{"name":"U.S. Navy Bureau of Medicine and Surgery","award":["60808"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["60808"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Tinnitus is an auditory problem frequently reported by military personnel and is currently responsible for 1 billion dollars annually in disability compensation. Recent military conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan saw high levels of combat exposure coupled with a surge in blast weaponry, both of which can adversely affect hearing. The present study explored the prevalence of tinnitus and the association with self-rated health among military personnel injured during combat deployment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 1,026 U.S. military personnel who sustained an injury during operations (592 battle blast, 73 battle nonblast, 361 nonbattle) in Iraq were identified from clinical records. Post-Deployment Health Assessments administered at two separate points in time were used to identify self-reported tinnitus symptoms and self-rated health within 1 year of injury.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Those with a battle blast injury had the highest prevalence of tinnitus with 19.1% and 31.3% on the first and second health assessments, respectively. In a multivariate model adjusting for combat exposure, concussion, posttraumatic stress disorder, and other covariates, tinnitus was associated with lower self-rated health for both the first (odds ratio [OR]\u00a0=\u00a03.31, 95% confidence interval [CI]\u00a0=\u00a02.07\u20135.30, P\u00a0&amp;lt;\u00a00.001) and second assessments (OR\u00a0=\u00a02.52, 95% CI\u00a0=\u00a01.76\u20133.61, P\u00a0&amp;lt;\u00a00.001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Tinnitus is a common source of impairment among military personnel injured during combat deployment and is associated with poorer self-rated health. Future research should determine whether timing of assessment is linked to symptom recognition or reporting, and what interventions are best suited for ameliorating the negative impact of tinnitus.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/milmed\/usaa103","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,27]],"date-time":"2020-06-27T10:54:00Z","timestamp":1593255240000},"page":"e1608-e1614","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Prevalence of Tinnitus and Association with Self-Rated Health among Military Personnel Injured on Combat Deployment"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"185","author":[{"given":"Andrew J","family":"MacGregor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Modeling, Simulation, and Mission Support Department, Naval Health Research Center, San Diego, CA 92106"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antony R","family":"Joseph","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hearing Loss Prevention Laboratory, Communication Sciences and Disorders Department, Illinois State University, Normal, IL 61761"},{"name":"Leidos, Inc., San Diego, CA 92106"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amber L","family":"Dougherty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Modeling, Simulation, and Mission Support Department, Naval Health Research Center, San Diego, CA 92106"},{"name":"Leidos, Inc., San Diego, CA 92106"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020092112343550300_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-0102(90)90031-9","article-title":"Phantom auditory perception (tinnitus): mechanisms of generation and perception","volume":"8","author":"Jastreboff","year":"1990","journal-title":"Neurosci 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