{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T18:53:12Z","timestamp":1782845592747,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"Supplement_1","funder":[{"name":"Veterans Health Administration, Office of Research and Development"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006380","name":"Rehabilitation Research and Development Service","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["121 RX002216-01, C9427S, C9230C"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["121 RX002216-01, C9427S, C9230C"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006380","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006668","name":"Oregon Health and Science University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1 UL1 RR024140 01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1 UL1 RR024140 01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006668","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:label\/>\n                  <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Tinnitus is prevalent among Service members and Veterans and is often comorbid with mental health disorders. Associations between the severity of individuals\u2019 tinnitus and mental health symptoms are not well described.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We conducted a population-based survey of a stratified random sample of 1,800 Veterans diagnosed with tinnitus. We used the Tinnitus Functional Index to measure tinnitus severity and the Primary Care-Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) screen and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale to assess PTSD, depression, and anxiety. Descriptive statistics and bivariable and multivariable regression models were used to estimate associations between Veterans\u2019 tinnitus severity and mental health symptoms. Inverse probability weights were used to account for sample stratification and survey non-response. Multivariable odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) controlled for Veterans\u2019 demographics, military history, and health diagnoses.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:label\/>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A total of 891 Veterans completed surveys (adjusted response rate\u2009=\u200953%). Large proportions rated their tinnitus as severe (29.4%; 95% CI: 27.2-31.6) or very severe (18.7%; 95% CI: 16.8-20.5). In multivariable regression models, and compared with Veterans with none\/mild tinnitus, the likelihood of screening positive for PTSD was increased for those who reported moderate (OR\u2009=\u20094.0; 95% CI: 1.6-10.3), severe (OR\u2009=\u20097.5; 95% CI: 3.1-18.5), or very severe (OR\u2009=\u200917.5; 95% CI: 4.4-70.0) tinnitus. Similarly, Veterans\u2019 likelihood of positive depression screens were elevated for those with moderate (OR\u2009=\u20092.6; 95% CI: 1.1-5.9), severe (OR\u2009=\u20093.0; 95% CI: 1.4-6.5), or very severe (OR\u2009=\u200915.5; 95% CI: 4.3-55.5) tinnitus, as was the likelihood of positive anxiety screens for those with severe (OR\u2009=\u20092.6; 95% CI: 1.1-6.3) or very severe (OR\u2009=\u200913.4; 95% CI: 4.0-44.3) tinnitus.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Mental health symptoms are strongly associated with Veterans\u2019 tinnitus severity. A better understanding of the interplay between these conditions may help improve the provision of interdisciplinary (Audiology and Mental Health) care for Service members and Veterans.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/milmed\/usaa288","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,26]],"date-time":"2021-01-26T01:49:59Z","timestamp":1611625799000},"page":"167-175","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Mental Health Symptoms Among Veteran VA Users by Tinnitus Severity:A Population-based Survey"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"186","author":[{"given":"Austin","family":"Prewitt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"VA Health Services Research & Development Service Center of Innovation, Center to Improve Veteran Involvement in Care, VA Portland Health Care System (R&D 66), Portland, OR 97239, USA"},{"name":"Oregon Health and Science University \u2013 Portland State University School of Public Health, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road (GH230), Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Graham","family":"Harker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VA Health Services Research & Development Service Center of Innovation, Center to Improve Veteran Involvement in Care, VA Portland Health Care System (R&D 66), Portland, OR 97239, USA"},{"name":"Oregon Health and Science University \u2013 Portland State University School of Public Health, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road (GH230), Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tess A","family":"Gilbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VA Health Services Research & Development Service Center of Innovation, Center to Improve Veteran Involvement in Care, VA Portland Health Care System (R&D 66), Portland, OR 97239, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Hooker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VA Health Services Research & Development Service Center of Innovation, Center to Improve Veteran Involvement in Care, VA Portland Health Care System (R&D 66), Portland, OR 97239, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maya E","family":"O\u2019Neil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VA Health Services Research & Development Service Center of Innovation, Center to Improve Veteran Involvement in Care, VA Portland Health Care System (R&D 66), Portland, OR 97239, USA"},{"name":"VA Rehabilitation Research & Development Service, National Center for Rehabilitative Auditory Research, VA Portland Health Care System (P5-NCRAR),Portland, OR 97239, USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road (GH230), Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA"},{"name":"Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology, School of Medicine, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road (BICC), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelly M","family":"Reavis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oregon Health and Science University \u2013 Portland State University School of Public Health, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road (GH230), Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA"},{"name":"VA Rehabilitation Research & Development Service, National Center for Rehabilitative Auditory Research, VA Portland Health Care System (P5-NCRAR),Portland, OR 97239, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James A","family":"Henry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VA Rehabilitation Research & Development Service, National Center for Rehabilitative Auditory Research, VA Portland Health Care System (P5-NCRAR),Portland, OR 97239, USA"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology \u2013 Head & Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road (PV01), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathleen F","family":"Carlson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VA Health Services Research & Development Service Center of Innovation, Center to Improve Veteran Involvement in Care, VA Portland Health Care System (R&D 66), Portland, OR 97239, USA"},{"name":"Oregon Health and Science University \u2013 Portland State University School of Public Health, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road (GH230), Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA"},{"name":"VA Rehabilitation Research & Development Service, National Center for Rehabilitative Auditory Research, VA Portland Health Care System (P5-NCRAR),Portland, OR 97239, 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